Adam Henschke

Fritz Allhoff

Bradley Jay Strawser

Foundational norms for cyberwarfare -- Emerging norms for cyberwarfare / George R. Lucas, Jr -- The emergence of international legal norms for cyber-conflict / Michael N. Schmitt and Liis Vihul -- Distinctive ethical issues of cyberwarfare / Randall R. Dipert -- Cyberwarfare and the just war tradition -- Cyber chevauchées: cyber war can happen / David Whetham -- Cyberwarfare as ideal war / Ryan Jenkins -- Post-cyber: dealing with the aftermath of cyber-attacks / Brian Orend -- Ethos of cyberwarfare -- Beyond Tallinn: the code of the cyber-warrior? / Matthew Beard -- Immune from cyber-fire? The psychological & physiological effects of cyberwarfare / Daphna Canetti, Michael L. Gross, & Israel Waismel-Manor -- Beyond machines: humans in cyber operations, espionage, and conflict / David Danks and Joseph H. Danks -- Cyberwarfare, deception, and privacy -- Cyber perfidy, ruse, and deception / Heather M. Roff -- Cyber-attacks and "dirty hands": cyberwar, cyber-crimes or covert political action? / Seumas Miller -- Moral concerns with cyber espionage: automated key-word searches and data-mining / Michael Skerker

The Ethics of Cyberwarfare

Binary Bullets

Seumas Miller

Alastair Reed

Scott Robbins

This open access book brings together a range of contributions that seek to explore the ethical issues arising from the overlap between counter-terrorism, ethics, and technologies. Terrorism and our responses pose some of the most significant ethical challenges to states and people. At the same time, we are becoming increasingly aware of the ethical implications of new and emerging technologies. Whether it is the use of remote weapons like drones as part of counter-terrorism strategies, the application of surveillance technologies to monitor and respond to terrorist activities, or counterintelligence agencies use of machine learning to detect suspicious behavior and hacking computers to gain access to encrypted data, technologies play a significant role in modern counter-terrorism. However, each of these technologies carries with them a range of ethical issues and challenges. How we use these technologies and the policies that govern them have broader impact beyond just the identification and response to terrorist activities. As we are seeing with China, the need to respond to domestic terrorism is one of the justifications for their rollout of the “social credit system.” Counter-terrorism technologies can easily succumb to mission creep, where a technology’s exceptional application becomes normalized and rolled out to society more generally. This collection is not just timely but an important contribution to understand the ethics of counter-terrorism and technology and has far wider implications for societies and nations around the world.

Emerging Challenges at the Frontiers of Counter-Terrorism

Counter-Terrorism, Ethics and Technology

Philosophical and ethical discussions of warfare are often tied to emerging technologies and techniques. Today we are presented with what many believe is a radical shift in the nature of war-the realization of conflict in the cyber-realm, the so-called "fifth domain" of warfare. Does an aggressive act in the cyber-realm constitute an act of war? If so, what rules should govern such warfare? Are the standard theories of just war capable of analyzing and assessing this mode of conflict? These changing circumstances present us with a series of questions demanding serious attention. Is there such a thing as cyberwarfare? How do the existing rules of engagement and theories from the just war tradition apply to cyberwarfare? How should we assess a cyber-attack conducted by a state agency against private enterprise and vice versa? Furthermore, how should actors behave in the cyber-realm? Are there ethical norms that can be applied to the cyber-realm? Are the classic just war constraints of non-combatant immunity and proportionality possible in this realm? Especially given the idea that events that are constrained within the cyber-realm do not directly physically harm anyone, what do traditional ethics of war conventions say about this new space? These questions strike at the very center of contemporary intellectual discussion over the ethics of war. In twelve original essays, plus a foreword from John Arquilla and an introduction, Binary Bullets: The Ethics of Cyberwarfare, engages these questions head on with contributions from the top scholars working in this field today.

Nicholas G. Evans

This new Handbook offers a comprehensive overview of contemporary extensions and alternatives to the just war tradition in the field of the ethics of war. The modern history of just war has typically assumed the primacy of four particular elements: jus ad bellum, jus in bello, the state actor, and the solider. This book will put these four elements under close scrutiny, and will explore how they fare given the following challenges: • What role do the traditional elements of jus ad bellum and jus in bello—and the constituent principles that follow from this distinction—play in modern warfare? Do they adequately account for a normative theory of war? • What is the role of the state in warfare? Is it or should it be the primary actor in just war theory? • Can a just war be understood simply as a response to territorial aggression between state actors, or should other actions be accommodated under legitimate recourse to armed conflict? • Is the idea of combatant qua state-employed soldier a valid ethical characterization of actors in modern warfare? • What role does the technological backdrop of modern warfare play in understanding and realizing just war theories? Over the course of three key sections, the contributors examine these challenges to the just war tradition in a way that invigorates existing discussions and generates new debate on topical and prospective issues in just war theory. This book will be of great interest to students of just war theory, war and ethics, peace and conflict studies, philosophy and security studies.

Just War Theory in the 21st Century

Routledge Handbook of Ethics and War

We live in an age of surveillance. In this book, the moral importance of this is explained through an examination of virtual identities.

Adam Henschke

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