Alan Phillips

The fascinating story of the buildings that have helped to defend Wales throughout its history from the Iron Age to the twentieth century.

Castles and Fortifications of Wales

John Cannon

Ken Krachler

Chris Durrant

3A, 3B

Nelson Accounting and Finance for WA.

This is THE REFERENCE BOOK for seafarers who need to understand hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons.Locating the center of a tropical cyclone;If intelligent action is to be taken to avoid the full fury of a tropical cyclone, early determination of its location and direction of travel relative to the vessel is essential. The bulletins and forecasts are an excellent general guide, but they are not infallible and may be sufficiently in error to induce a mariner in a critical position to alter course so as to unwittingly increase the danger of the vessel. Often it is possible, using only those observations made aboard ship, to obtain a sufficiently close approximation to enable the vessel to manoeuvre to the best advantage.As previously stated, the presence of an exceptionally long swell is usually the first visible indication of the existence of a tropical cyclone. In deep water it approaches from the general direction of origin.Maneuvering to Avoid the Storm Center;The safest procedure with respect to tropical cyclones is to avoid them. If action is taken sufficiently early, this is simply a matter of setting a course that will take the vessel well to one side of the probable track of the storm, and then continuing to plot the positions of the storm centre as given in the weather bulletins, revising the course as needed.However, this is not always possible. If the ship is found to be within the storm area, the proper action to take depends in part upon its position relative to the storm centre and its direction of travel. It is customary to divide the circular area of the storm into two parts.In the Northern Hemisphere, that part to the right of the storm track (facing in the direction toward which the storm is moving) is called the dangerous semicircle. It is considered dangerous because (1) the actual wind speed is greater than that due to the pressure gradient alone, since it is augmented by the forward motion of the storm, and (2) the direction of the wind and sea is such as to carry a vessel into the path of the storm (in the forward part of the semicircle)..........In a sailing vessel attempting to avoid a storm centre, one should steer courses........ However, if it becomes necessary for such a vessel to heave to, the wind is of greater concern than the sea. A good general rule always is to heave to on whichever tack permits the shifting wind to draw aft. In the Northern Hemisphere, this is the starboard tack in the dangerous semicircle, and.......Sailing DirectionsAvoid and Survive HurricanesNORTHERN HEMISPHERESOUTHERN HEMISPHEREGENERALTropical CyclonesLocating and tracking tropical cyclonesSigns of approachLocating the center of a tropical cyclonePractical rulesRight or dangerous semicircleOn storm track, ahead of centerOn storm track, behind centerCoastal effectsWave Heights from Significant Wave Heights (SWH)Extratropical CyclonesCold FrontsTROPICAL STORMSDESCRIPTION AND CAUSESIntroductionDefinitionsAreas of OccurrenceOrigin, Season and FrequencyNorth Atlantic:Eastern North Pacific:Western North PacificNorth Indian OceanSouth Indian OceanSouthwest Pacific and Australian AreaANATOMY OF TROPICAL CYCLONESFormationPortrait of a HurricaneLife of a Tropical CycloneFORECASTING AND PREDICTING TROPICAL CYCLONESAVOIDING TROPICAL CYCLONESApproach and Passage of a Tropical CycloneLocating the Center of a Tropical CycloneStatistical Analysis of Barometric PressureManeuvering to Avoid the Storm CenterNorthern HemisphereSouthern HemisphereCONSEQUENCES OF TROPICAL CYCLONESHigh Winds and FloodingWhat is a Hurricane?Hurricane Fast FactsHurricane BasicsHurricane BasicsWhat is a Hurricane?Tropical DepressionTropical StormHurricaneHurricane NamesOrigin and Life CycleThe Birth of a Tropical CycloneStages of Hurricane DevelopmentGrowth and MaturityThe Storm's EndThree stages of tropical cyclone development

Sailing Directions Avoid Survive Hurricanes

THE complete guide for a sailing circumnavigation.The seasons; the winds; the oceans;the timing; storms; pirates; regulations;safe harbors; supplies.Everything you need to know and didn't know who to ask.

Alan Phillips

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