Arnim von Stechow

1 Vorarbeiten zu diesem Referat wurden im Rahmen eines von der DFG geförderten Forschungsprojekts von Herrn Professor Dr. Finkenstaedt durchgeführt. 2 In einem chronologischen Wörterbuch können solche Probleme weiter verfolgt werden (cf. Finkenstaedt, Leisi, Wolff 19'70) - Die Frage der Äquivalenz zwischen Wortableitungen und längeren Konstruktionen, die ihnen in der semantischen Struktur entsprechen, ist von Chomsky (1969,16) in anderem Zusammenhang diskutiert worden. Lakoffs (1969,52;'70) Er widerung gibt die nötige Abgrenzung des Begriffs 'Satz semantik' gegenüber einer Semantik des Sprachgebrauchs und der Sprechsituation, um die es hier nicht geht. Dieses Grundverständnis ist schon in der Port Royal Grammatik (Brekle 1966,68) angelegt. Bibliographie Brekle, H. ed. (1966) Grammaire generale et raisonnee (31676) (= Grammatica Universalis 1), Stuttgart. Chapin, P. (1967) On the Syntax of Word-Derivation in English, unpublished Doctoral dissertation, MIT. Chomsky, N. (1968) Remarks on Nominalization, reproduced by The Linguistics Club, Indians Universit, y. -- (1969) Deep Structure, Surface Structure, and Semantic Interpretation, reproduced by The Linguistics Club, Ind. U. Finkenstaedt, T., E. Leisi, D. Wolff (19'70) A Chronological English Dictions~, Heidelberg Fodor, J.A. (19'70) nThree Reasons for Not Deriving 'Kill' from 'Cause to Die'," Linguistic Inquiry 1,429-438. Lakoff, G. (1969) On Generative Semantics, reproduced by The Linguistics Club, Indians Universit, y. - 184 - Senta Plötz Institut für Kommunikationsforschung und Phonetik der Universität Bonn Über die transformationelle Theorie bei Harris * Zusammenfassung: Es wird gezeigt. daß die transformationelle Analyse herauswuchs aus den Untersuchungen von englischen Texten. die Harris Anfang der 50er Jahre an der University of Pennsylvania durchführte.

Referate des 5. Linguistischen Kolloquiums Regensburg, 1970

Beiträge zur generativen Grammatik

Günther Grewendorf

Markus Steinbach

Abstracts Wegner, Dennis, Härtl, Holden, Schlechtweg, Marcel: Optionality and the recovery of temporal information in German verb clusters. While the clause-final placement of finite elements is usually quite rigid in German embedded clauses, verbal clusters mark an exception in that they allow finite temporal auxiliaries to be placed linearly before the verbal elements they embed. The prescriptive rules of Standard German suggest that there is optionality with respect to the two ordering possibilities at least in future clauses. However, previous studies have shown that this also holds for perfect clauses with lassen ('let'). Based on two experimental studies focussing on verbal clusters with continuative lassen ('let') and perception verbs, which supposedly have similar properties, the present paper aims at investigating a) whether there really is proper optionality with respect to placing the finite auxiliary in a cluster-initial or clause-final position, and b) whether preposing the temporal auxiliary induces advantages for the processing of temporal information. Pafel, Jürgen: Konditionale und minimale Differenz. Counterfactuals invite us to imagine a course of the world in which certain state-of-affairs obtain which might be contrary to fact, but which is otherwise identical to the real course of the world. They invite us to imagine a minimal different course of the world. Minimal difference is an essential ingredient of many, perhaps most, semantic accounts of counterfactuals. They differ in the way they conceptualize minimal difference. I present a definition of 'minimal different course of the world' after discussing many scenarios in detail, with respect to which certain counterfactuals are supposed to be true or false. Minimal difference means that, as for a 'counterfactual' course of the world, everything is as it actually is except that (i) the counterfactual's antecedent is true and (ii) state-of-affair obtain which are possible in virtue of (i) and the regularities of the world. With this background, the truth condition of a counterfactual can be stated as follows: It is true if the consequent is true in every course of the world in which the antecedent is true, and which is minimal different from the actual course of the world. This kind of truth condition is argued to be adequate for singular indicative conditionals too. Various problems concerning this extension are discussed. A closer look at the pragmatics of counterfactuals exhibits a variety of different 'implications', whose status is partially unclear. Finally, I discuss the prospects of extending the minimal-difference semantics of conditionals to causals. Bauer, Anastasia: Rezension: Vadim Kimmelman (2019): Information structure in sign languages. Evidence from Russian Sign Language and Sign Language of the Netherlands. Berlin: De Gruyter and Ishara Press. Krstic, Vladimir: Rezension: Meibauer, Jörg (ed.) (2019): The Oxford handbook of lying. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Tsiknakis, Antonios: Rezension: Sonja Müller (2019): Die Syntax-Pragmatik-Schnittstelle. Ein Studienbuch. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto. Klaus, Müllner: Informationen und Hinweise.

Linguistische Berichte Heft 270

Artemis Alexiadou

Monika Rathert

This volume contains contributions dealing with the syntax, morphology, semantics, and diachronic development of the Perfect and the components it is built on across languages. The volume brings these aspects together, working towards a comprehensive theory of the Perfect which takes into consideration the interfaces between the various components of the grammar. Issues addressed include: the temporal vs. aspectual character of the perfect, the contribution of adverbial modification, the structure of the perfect participle.

Perfect Explorations

Gereon Müller

Uli Lutz

This volume deals with what the WH-movement parameter has to say about varieties of WH-dependencies in different languages. Section two introduces WH-scope marking and the related concept of partial WH-movement. Section three, the main approaches to WH-scope marking are introduced.

Wh-scope Marking

Wolfgang Klein

Prager Autorengruppe

Functional Generative Grammar in Prague

Christoph Schwarze

Rainer Bäuerle

Meaning, Use, and Interpretation of Language

Professor and Chair of the Institute of English Linguistics Artemis Alexiadou

This series consists of collected volumes and monographs about specific issues dealing with interfaces among the subcomponents of linguistic structure: phonology-morphology, phonology-syntax, syntax-semantics, syntax-morphology, and syntax-lexicon. Recent linguistic research has recognized that the subcomponents of grammar interact in non-trivial ways. What is currently under debate is the actual range of such interactions and their most appropriate representation in grammar, and this is precisely the focus of this series. Specifically, it provides a general overview of various topics by examining them through the interaction of grammatical components. The books function as a state-of- the-art report of research.

Dieter Wunderlich

During the past 20 years the investigation into meaning of natural languages has emerged into one of the most active disciplines in theoretical linguistics. The different traditions of linguistics, philosophy of language and philosophical logic converged in the paradigm of truth conditional semantics, which now plays a central role in the cognitive sciences. From empirical research in particular languages more principal questions arise of how the speaker succeeds in expressing particular types of meaning by use of formal combination of signs. The theories developed to cope with the question assume that for a hearer, the meaning of a complex expression must be "computable", and therefore, modern theoretical semantics uses formal algebraic methods to construct the meaning compositionally in view of syntactic structur. Furthermore, meaning need to be "anchored" in the experience available to hearer. In order to deal with this, theoretical semantics extensivly uses the concept of truth conditions, which roughly explain how a world must be structured in order to be matched by certain linguistic expressions. Semantic analyses are complemented by context theory and the theory of speech acts. Thus, linguistic meaning must be related to human cognitive capacities, and therefore, theoretical semantics is tightly connected with philosophical logic as well as cognitive sciences in general. The aim of this handbook is to represent the body of theoretical knowledge which has evolved in the international research of the last two decades. Some of the theories can now be termed "classical" in that they belong to the commonly accepted base of theoretical semantics. Other theories are still disputed, and there areproblems still to be solved - as normal in a more developed science. The authors, who are leading experts in the field of semantics, try to balance the accepted and the questionable results. It goes without saying that each author hold a particular position in this respect. Some articles are written in English, some in German. Since semantics is considered to be a subfield of linguistics, the articles are arranged due to linguistic points of view. In the first 5 chapters (comprising 15 articles) the common principles of semantics are presented: ontological foundations of semantics, composition of meaning, problems of use (context, speech acts, and lexical base of meaning. The next 5 chapters (comprising 25 articles) are concerned with semantic phenomena, theories and problems which are specific for a particular class of linguistic expressions. These are arranged according to parts of speech: nouns, functional categories, verbs, adjectives and so on.This division does not reflect a theoretical position by itself, however it allows one to recognize problems connected with one another. Some more general questions are discussed in more than one article, in different perspective and vicinity. The Handbook is complemented by a service article on formal methods in semantics, followed by a comprehensive bibliography including about 1700 entries, and both a subject and a name index. This handbook is indispensable for all research in linguistics and neighboring disciplines (philosophy of language, cognitive sciences). Some of the articles can serve as basic literature for classes of advanced students.

Arnim von Stechow

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