Catherine Steel

Cicero was one of classical antiquity's most prolific, varied and self-revealing authors. His letters, speeches, treatises and poetry chart a political career marked by personal struggle and failure and the collapse of the republican system of government to which he was intellectually and emotionally committed. They were read, studied and imitated throughout antiquity and subsequently became seminal texts in political theory and in the reception and study of the Classics. This Companion discusses the whole range of Cicero's writings, with particular emphasis on their links with the literary culture of the late Republic, their significance to Cicero's public career and their reception in later periods.

The Cambridge Companion to Cicero

Henriette van der Blom

This title brings together contributions which rethink the role of public speech in the Roman Republic. With careful attention to a range of evidence, it shines a light on orators and considers the oratory of diplomatic exchanges and impromptu heckling and repartee alongside the familiar genres of forensic and political speech.

Oratory and Politics in Republican Rome

Community and Communication

Christa Gray

Examines the clash between political systems and political action as the Roman Republic disintegrated.

Speech, Audience and Decision

Institutions and Ideology in Republican Rome

Professor of Classics Catherine Steel

Roman Oratory

In 146 BC the armies of Rome destroyed Carthage and emerged as the decisive victors of the Third Punic War. The Carthaginian population was sold and its territory became the Roman province of Africa. In the same year and on the other side of the Mediterranean Roman troops sacked Corinth, the final blow in the defeat of the Achaean conspiracy: thereafter Greece was effectively administered by Rome. Rome was now supreme in Italy, the Balkans, Greece, Macedonia, Sicily, and North Africa, and its power and influence were advancing in all directions. However, not all was well. The unchecked seizure of huge tracts of land in Italy and its farming by vast numbers of newly imported slaves allowed an elite of usually absentee landlords to amass enormous and conspicuous fortunes. Insecurity and resentment fed the gulf between rich and poor in Rome and erupted in a series of violent upheavals in the politics and institutions of the Republic. These were exacerbated by slave revolts and invasions from the east.

Catherine Steel

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