Chandran Kukathas

Neal a Maxwell Presidential Chair in Political Theory Public Policy and Public Service in the Department of Political Science Chandran Kukathas

In his major new work Chandran Kukathas offers, for the first time, a book-length treatment of this controversial and influential theory of minority rights. The work is a defence of a form of liberalism and multiculturalism. The general question it tries to answer is: what is the principled basis of a free society marked by cultural diversity and group loyalties? More particularly, it explains whether such a society requires political institutions which recognize minorities; howfar it should tolerate such minorities when their ways differ from those of the mainstream community; to what extent political institutions should address injustices suffered by minorities at the hands of the wider society, and also at the hands of the powerful within their own communities; what role,if any, the state should play in the shaping of a society's (national) identity; and what fundamental values should guide our reflections on these matters. Its main contention is that a free society is an open society whose fundamental principle is the principle of freedom of association. A society is free to the extent that it is prepared to tolerate in its midst associations which differ or dissent from its standards or practices. An implication of these principles is that political societyis also no more than one among other associations; its basis is the willingness of its members to continue to associate under the terms which define it. While it is an 'association of associations', it is not the only such association; it does not subsume all other associations. The principles of afree society describe not a hierarchy of superior and subordinate authorities but an archipelago of competing and overlapping jurisdictions. The idea of a liberal archipelago is defended as one which supplies us with a better metaphor of the free society than do older notions such as the body politic, or the ship of state. This work presents a challenge, and an alternative, to other contemporary liberal theories of multiculturalism.

A Theory of Diversity and Freedom

The Liberal Archipelago

Philip Pettit

A Theory of Justice and Its Critics

Rawls

Based on the author's thesis (doctoral--Oxford University) Includes bibliographical references (p. [229]-240) and index.

Hayek and Modern Liberalism

John Rawls: Principles of justice I

"Few would deny that immigration controls are restrictions on individual freedom. In debates about immigration, however, freedom is rarely mentioned. When it is raised it is usually indirectly, and the contending parties typically divide into those who question the wisdom or the morality of limiting the movement of would-be immigrants and others who think such restrictions warranted. The language of freedom rarely makes an appearance, perhaps because the liberty of foreigners or aliens does not really interest most people. Advocates of immigrants express a concern for the welfare of outsiders; others appeal to the welfare of natives and the integrity of the nation. The point of this book is to establish freedom as the basis of the immigration question. Chandran Kukathas argues that what's at stake is nothing less than the liberty of citizens and residents of the free society, and therefore the free society itself. To put it simply, immigration controls are controls on people, and it is not possible to control some people without controlling others. More specifically, it is not possible to control outsiders (aliens, foreigners, would-be immigrants) without controlling insiders as well, and to enforce immigration control is to enforce control generally. The author shows why this must be so, and explains why it is significant. Over the course of eight chapters and an epilogue, the books draws anecdotally on current and historical immigration practices in Canada, the United States, Australia, Japan, Singapore and most of the major Western European countries, but the information is deployed in service of an accessible, first-principles argument. To assess immigration, he says, we must think then about what we value most about our society and also come to a clearer understanding about what we mean by immigration in the first place. In the conclusion, he defends the need for greater freedom of movement-which ultimately means a world of more open borders"--

Immigration and Freedom

A compelling account of the threat immigration control poses to the citizens of free societies Immigration is often seen as a danger to western liberal democracies because it threatens to undermine their fundamental values, most notably freedom and national self-determination. In this book, however, Chandran Kukathas argues that the greater threat comes not from immigration but from immigration control. Kukathas shows that immigration control is not merely about preventing outsiders from moving across borders. It is about controlling what outsiders do once in a society: whether they work, reside, study, set up businesses, or share their lives with others. But controlling outsiders—immigrants or would-be immigrants—requires regulating, monitoring, and sanctioning insiders, those citizens and residents who might otherwise hire, trade with, house, teach, or generally associate with outsiders. The more vigorously immigration control is pursued, the more seriously freedom is diminished. The search for control threatens freedom directly and weakens the values upon which it relies, notably equality and the rule of law. Kukathas demonstrates that the imagined gains from efforts to control immigration are illusory, for they do not promote economic prosperity or social solidarity. Nor does immigration control bring self-determination, since the apparatus of control is an international institutional regime that increases the power of states and their agencies at the expense of citizens. That power includes the authority to determine who is and is not an insider: to define identity itself. Looking at past and current practices across the world, Immigration and Freedom presents a critique of immigration control as an institutional reality, as well as an account of what freedom means—and why it matters.

Chandran Kukathas

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