Charles P. Gerba

Gabriel Bitton

Sagar M. Goyal

This book is the first to explore the distribution, fate, and ecology of phage in the environment and point up the important applications of this information. The text begins with an historical overview, followed by a discussion of the current state of phage taxonomy. Next is covered the distribution patterns and fate of phage in diverse environments, e.g. soil, fresh water, marine water, and water and wastewater treatment plants. Factors that can influence the numbers and activity of phage populations, e.g. host and phage density, association of a phage with solids, presence of organic matter, temperature, pH, ultraviolet and visible light, concentration and types of ions present, and the metabolic activities of bacteria other than the phage host are examined. One chapter is devoted to the occurrence and implications of phage in various industries, e.g. dairy, wine, sausage, and antibiotic industries.

Phage Ecology

Charles N. Haas

Joan B. Rose

Provides the latest QMRA methodologies to determine infection riskcause by either accidental microbial infections or deliberateinfections caused by terrorism • Reviews the latest methodologies to quantify at everystep of the microbial exposure pathways, from the first release ofa pathogen to the actual human infection • Provides techniques on how to gatherinformation, on how each microorganism moves through theenvironment, how to determine their survival rates on variousmedia, and how people are exposed to the microorganism • Explains how QMRA can be used as a tool to measure theimpact of interventions and identify the best policies andpractices to protect public health and safety • Includes new information on genetic methods • Techniques use to develop risk models for drinkingwater, groundwater, recreational water, food and pathogens in theindoor environment

Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment

Ian L. Pepper

Terry J. Gentry

Raina M. Maier

For microbiology and environmental microbiology courses, this leading textbook builds on the academic success of the previous edition by including a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of environmental microbiology as a discipline that has grown in scope and interest in recent years. From environmental science and microbial ecology to topics in molecular genetics, this edition relates environmental microbiology to the work of a variety of life science, ecology, and environmental science investigators. The authors and editors have taken the care to highlight links between environmental microbiology and topics important to our changing world such as bioterrorism and national security with sections on practical issues such as bioremediation, waterborne pathogens, microbial risk assessment, and environmental biotechnology. WHY ADOPT THIS EDITION? New chapters on: Urban Environmental Microbiology Bacterial Communities in Natural Ecosystems Global Change and Microbial Infectious Disease Microorganisms and Bioterrorism Extreme Environments (emphasizing the ecology of these environments) Aquatic Environments (now devoted to its own chapter- was combined with Extreme Environments) Updates to Methodologies: Nucleic Acid -Based Methods: microarrays, phyloarrays, real-time PCR, metagomics, and comparative genomics Physiological Methods: stable isotope fingerprinting and functional genomics and proteomics-based approaches Microscopic Techniques: FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) and atomic force microscopy Cultural Methods: new approaches to enhanced cultivation of environmental bacteria Environmental Sample Collection and Processing: added section on air sampling

Environmental Microbiology

The first complete guide to the quantitative assessment of risks to humans posed by infectious agents in all environmental media. Recent highly-publicized infectious disease outbreaks in the United States and abroad have engendered mounting political pressure to require the use of quantitative techniques in the assessment of the risks of human exposure to an array of microorganisms. While traditional indicator methods for pathogen assessment and control have always left much to be desired, it is only with the advent of modern microbial methods that it is now possible to establish rigorous testing protocols for infectious agents comparable to those in place for chemical agents and other contaminants. A book whose time has come, Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment equips environmental and public health professionals with the knowledge and skills they need to comply with the rapidly growing demand for quantitative risk testing of infectious agents. Authored by an interdisciplinary team of experts from the fields of environmental engineering, marine science, and soil and water science, this is the first comprehensive guide to state-of-the-art quantitative microbial risk assessment methods. It provides you with: * Exhaustive coverage of potential infectious agents and their modes of transmission. * Systematic presentations of quantitative risk, hazard, and exposure assessment techniques. * Numerous worked examples throughout the book. * Fascinating case studies illustrating the application of quantitative methods to various situations. Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment is an important working resource for professionals in the fields of environmental health, environmental engineering, public health, and microbiology. It is also an excellent graduate-level text for students of those disciplines.

Karl R. Matthews

Gerald M. Sapers

Understanding the causes and contributing factors leading to outbreaks of food-borne illness associated with contamination of fresh produce is a worldwide challenge for everyone from the growers of fresh-cut produce through the entire production and delivery process. The premise of The Produce Contamination Problem is that when human pathogen contamination of fresh produce occurs, it is extremely difficult to reduce pathogen levels sufficiently to assure microbiological safety with the currently available technologies. A wiser strategy would be to avoid crop production conditions that result in microbial contamination to start. These critical, problem-oriented chapters have been written by researchers active in the areas of food safety and microbial contamination during production, harvesting, packing and fresh-cut processing of horticultural crops, and were designed to provide methods of contamination avoidance. Coverage includes policy and practices in the United States, Mexico and Central America, Europe, and Japan. Addresses food-borne contaminations from a prevention view, providing proactive solutions to the problems Covers core sources of contamination and methods for identifying those sources Includes best practice and regulatory information

Charles P. Gerba

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