Qiang Yang

Chee Seng Chan

Lixin Fan

Machine learning (ML) models, especially large pretrained deep learning (DL) models, are of high economic value and must be properly protected with regard to intellectual property rights (IPR). Model watermarking methods are proposed to embed watermarks into the target model, so that, in the event it is stolen, the model’s owner can extract the pre-defined watermarks to assert ownership. Model watermarking methods adopt frequently used techniques like backdoor training, multi-task learning, decision boundary analysis etc. to generate secret conditions that constitute model watermarks or fingerprints only known to model owners. These methods have little or no effect on model performance, which makes them applicable to a wide variety of contexts. In terms of robustness, embedded watermarks must be robustly detectable against varying adversarial attacks that attempt to remove the watermarks. The efficacy of model watermarking methods is showcased in diverse applications including image classification, image generation, image captions, natural language processing and reinforcement learning. This book covers the motivations, fundamentals, techniques and protocols for protecting ML models using watermarking. Furthermore, it showcases cutting-edge work in e.g. model watermarking, signature and passport embedding and their use cases in distributed federated learning settings.

Techniques, Protocols and Applications

Digital Watermarking for Machine Learning Model

Honghai Liu

Zhaojie Ju

Xiaofei Ji

Mehdi Khoury

This book introduces readers to the latest exciting advances in human motion sensing and recognition, from the theoretical development of fuzzy approaches to their applications. The topics covered include human motion recognition in 2D and 3D, hand motion analysis with contact sensors, and vision-based view-invariant motion recognition, especially from the perspective of Fuzzy Qualitative techniques. With the rapid development of technologies in microelectronics, computers, networks, and robotics over the last decade, increasing attention has been focused on human motion sensing and recognition in many emerging and active disciplines where human motions need to be automatically tracked, analyzed or understood, such as smart surveillance, intelligent human-computer interaction, robot motion learning, and interactive gaming. Current challenges mainly stem from the dynamic environment, data multi-modality, uncertain sensory information, and real-time issues. These techniques are shown to effectively address the above challenges by bridging the gap between symbolic cognitive functions and numerical sensing & control tasks in intelligent systems. The book not only serves as a valuable reference source for researchers and professionals in the fields of computer vision and robotics, but will also benefit practitioners and graduates/postgraduates seeking advanced information on fuzzy techniques and their applications in motion analysis.

A Fuzzy Qualitative Approach

Human Motion Sensing and Recognition

Chee Seng Chan

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