Christina Schäffner

Helen Kelly-Holmes

This book discusses the relationship between ideology and language, especially such questions as: What are ideologies? How can they be described? and, How can they be related to the processes involved in the production or interpretation of discourse? In the main contribution, Teun van Dijk develops new theoretical notions and analytical distinctions to link explicitly structures of society, cognition and discourse. Ideologies are defined as socially shared belief systems of groups with social and cognitive functions. Their main social function is to sustain the interests of a group: they monitor group-related social practices. Cognitively, ideologies are assumed to assign an overall orientation, coherence and organisation to a cluster of attitudes. Ideologies and their structures have to be inferred from more directly observable structures of cognition, interaction and society. Therefore, the notion of 'opinion' and its complex relations to the structures of discourse and ideology are examined. Opinions are typically expressed, acquired and changed by discourse in interactional contexts. This implies that specific grammatical or other verbal means are typically associated with the expression of opinions. An analysis of a sample text illustrates how argumentation structures reflect preexisting, underlying structures of social cognition. In this way, discourse analysts can contribute to the development of a critical language awareness. Contributors to the debates include Michael Billig, Paul Chilton, David Graddol, Ulrike Meinhof and Kay Richardson.

Discourse and Ideologies

Mira Kadric

Sylvi Rennert

The role of the interpreter at international meetings of politicians and diplomats is a critical one. This book examines the history of diplomacy and diplomatic interpreting as well as the rules and realities of modern diplomatic relations. Building on interviews with interpreters, diplomats and politicians, it examines language as a tool of diplomatic and political communication, the role of interpreters in diplomacy, and the different forms of interaction and communicative behaviour interpreters face and exhibit. The book covers the different ways in which interpreters manage information, expressivity, and interaction, and what diplomats think about it. Each chapter presents key concepts and definitions; examples from existing literature are combined with interviews conducted with professional interpreters as well as seasoned diplomats and politicians to illustrate their relevance in interpreting practice. With activities for group work and self-study, including analysis and discussion of real-life interpreted diplomatic or political events, this book offers a range of interpreting exercises that encourage students to apply the different strategies discussed in the book. Weaving together the voices of interpreters, diplomats, and politicians with a systematic look at the theory and practice of interpreting in diplomatic settings, this is not only an essential textbook for interpreting students and educators but will also be of interest to professional interpreters and students and scholars of politics and international relations. Additional resources are available on the Routledge Translation Studies Portal: http: //routledgetranslationstudiesportal.com

Diplomatic and Political Interpreting Explained

Beverly Adab

The questions which this volume seeks to address include: what is translation competence? How can it be built and developed? How can the product of the performance be used to measure levels of competence? These questions are addressed with specific reference to the training situation. They are arranged in three sections, the first focusing on the identification of subcompetences.

Developing Translation Competence

It has been widely recognised that an in-depth textual analysis of a source text is relevant for translation. This book discusses the role of Discourse Analysis for translation and translator training. One particular model of discourse analysis is presented in detail, and its application in the context of translator training is critically examined.

The Role of Discourse Analysis for Translation and in Translator Training

Recent developments, particularly globalisation and advances in technology, have affected our production and perception of language, as reflected in two conflicting forces, globalism and tribalism. The role of English as an international lingua franca is discussed, and conclusions are drawn for the varying activities of translation today and for the rapidly changing job profile of the translator.

CILS

Whether the judgements translators of different language works make are normative and somehow wrapped up in societal values that change with time or social positioning is the subject of these contributions. Two main contributions from English and Israeli scholars are presented which argue that the concept of norms should be the primary analytical tool for understanding everything from the choices of words to regularly appearing patterns in writing. Seven brief responses and counter-responses follow. Also included are the transcripts of two debates on the topic. Distributed by Taylor and Francis. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Translation and Norms

Uwe Wiesemann

This text presents a functionalist approach to translation as a framework for dealing with recurring translation problems in a number of genres. On the basis of illustrative sample texts, the decisions taken in the production of the target texts are commented on in view of the specified translation assignments.

Christina Schäffner

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