Christoph Safferling

This book sets out and analyses the procedural law applied by international criminal tribunals and the International Criminal Court (ICC). It traces the development of international criminal procedure from its roots in the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg to its current application by the Yugoslav and Rwanda Tribunals, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Extraordinary Chamber in the Courts of Cambodia, and the International Criminal Court. All of these tribunals apply a different set of rules. The focus of this book, however, lies on the ICC and its procedural regime as contained in the Rome Statute, the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, and the different Regulations of the Court and of the Prosecutor. The exceptional compromise between common and civil law which formed the basis of the ICC's Statute created a unique procedural order. This book systematically analyses the Court's organisational structure, overall procedural setting, and the individual procedural regulations, and compares and contrasts these to other international criminal tribunals. Amongst the many unresolved procedural issues are the rights of the accused before, during, and after the trial, the disclosure of evidence, the presentation of evidence, the participation of victims, the protection of witnesses, and the cooperation between the ICC and individual states. Through looking at these issues, the book develops a concise and fitting theoretical underpinning for the ICC's procedural order that is not founded on any specific legal culture.

International Criminal Procedure

Gurgen Petrossian

The book analyses the difficulties the International Criminal Court faces with the definition of those persons who are eligible for participating in the proceedings. Establishing justice for victims is one of the most important aims of the court. It therefore created a unique system of victim participation. Since its first trial the court struggles to live up to the expectancies its statute has generated. The book offers a new approach of how to define victimhood by looking at the different international crimes. It seeks to offer guidance for the right to participate in the different stages of the proceedings by looking at the practice in national jurisdictions. Lastly the book offers insights into the functioning of the reparation regime at the ICC by virtue of the Trust Fund for Victim and its different mandates. The critical analysis of the ICC-practice with regard to definition, participation and reparation aims at promoting a realistic approach, which will avoid the disappointing of expectations and thus help to enhance the acceptance of the ICC.

Definition, Participation, Reparation

Victims Before the International Criminal Court

This title sets out and analyses the procedural law applied by the International Criminal Court, systematically analysing the Court's organisational structure, overall procedural setting and the individual procedural regulations in comparison to that of other international tribunals.

Thorsten Bonacker

In international law victims' issues have gained more and more attention over the last decades. In particular in transitional justice processes the victim is being given high priority. It is to be seen in this context that the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court foresees a rather excessive victim participation concept in criminal prosecution. In this volume issue is taken at first with the definition of victims, and secondly with the role of the victim as a witness and as a participant. Several chapters address this matter with a view to the International Criminal Court (ICC), the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) and the Trial against Demjanjuk in Germany. In a third part the interests of the victims outside the criminal trial are being discussed. In the final part the role of civil society actors are being tackled. This volume thus gives an overview of the role of victims in transitional justice processes from an interdisciplinary angle, combining academic research and practical experience.

Victims of International Crimes: An Interdisciplinary Discourse

David Cohen

Sandra Wilson

Yuma Totani

David M. Crowe

Kayoko Takeda

Gerry Simpson

Narrelle Morris

Robert Cribb

Marina Aksenova

Diane Marie Amann

Donald M. Ferencz

Diane Orentlicher

Kuniko Ozaki

Franziska Seraphim

Beatrice Trefalt

The ‘International Military Tribunal for the Far East’ (IMTFE), held in Tokyo from May 1946 to November 1948, was a landmark event in the development of modern international criminal law. The trial in Tokyo was a complex undertaking and international effort to hold individuals accountable for core international crimes and delivering justice. The Tribunal consisted of 11 judges and respective national prosecution teams from 11 countries, and a mixed Japanese–American team of defence lawyers. The IMTFE indicted 28 Japanese defendants, amongst them former prime ministers, cabinet ministers, military leaders, and diplomats, based on a 55-count indictment pertaining to crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The judgment was not unanimous, with one majority judgment, two concurring opinions, and three dissenting opinions. The trial and the outcome were the subject of significant controversy and the Tribunal’s files were subsequently shelved in the archives. While its counterpart in Europe, the ‘International Military Tribunal’ (IMT) at Nuremberg, has been at the centre of public and scholarly interest, the Tokyo Tribunal has more recently gained international scholarly attention. This volume combines perspectives from law, history, and the social sciences to discuss the legal, historical, political and cultural significance of the Tokyo Tribunal. The collection is based on an international conference marking the 70th anniversary of the judgment of the IMTFE, which was held in Nuremberg in 2018. The volume features reflections by eminent scholars and experts on the establishment and functioning of the Tribunal, procedural and substantive issues as well as receptions and repercussions of the trial.

The Tokyo Tribunal: Perspectives on Law, History and Memory

Manfred Görtemaker

Die Frage, wie die deutschen Ministerien und Behörden in der Nachkriegszeit mit der NS-Vergangenheit umgegangen sind, ist in jüngster Zeit ein vieldiskutiertes Thema. Dies gilt für die personellen und institutionellen Kontinuitäten und Brüche ebenso wie für die inhaltlichen Aspekte der Politik. Zahlreiche Ministerien und Behörden haben dazu Kommissionen eingesetzt, um die eigene Geschichte von unabhängigen Wissenschaftlern erforschen zu lassen. Dies gilt auch für das Bundesministerium der Justiz. Die Beiträge in diesem Band zeichnen den Weg von der NS-Justiz zur Justiz in der Nachkriegszeit nach und untersuchen dabei insbesondere die Entwicklung in der »Rosenburg«, dem ersten Dienstsitz des Bundesjustizministeriums im Bonner Ortsteil Kessenich von 1950 bis 1973. Angesprochen werden nicht nur Fragen, die den Personenkreis im BMJ betreffen – etwa die Kriterien und Maßstäbe bei Einstellung und Beförderungen -, sondern auch zentrale Themen der Rechtspolitik: die Verfassungsentwicklung nach 1948/49, die Gesetzgebung vom »Dritten Reich« zur Bundesrepublik, die strafrechtliche Aufarbeitung der Justizverbrechen in der Nachkriegszeit, die Anfänge der Abteilung Strafrecht im BMJ sowie Entwicklungen im Gesellschafts- und Familienrecht.

Das Bundesministerium der Justiz und die NS-Vergangenheit – eine Bestandsaufnahme

Die Rosenburg

Christoph Safferling

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