Daniel Thalmann

Mario A. Gutiérrez A.

Frédéric Vexo

Virtual reality techniques are increasingly becoming indispensable in many areas. This book looks at how to generate advanced virtual reality worlds. It covers principles, techniques, devices and mathematical foundations, beginning with basic definitions, and then moving on to the latest results from current research and exploring the social implications of these. Very practical in its approach, the book is fully illustrated in colour and contains numerous examples, exercises and case studies. This textbook will allow students and practitioners alike to gain a practical understanding of virtual reality concepts, devices and possible applications.

Stepping into Virtual Reality

Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann

Research, development, and applications in computer graphics have dramatically expanded in recent years. Because of decreasing prices, superior hardware is now being used and image quality is better than ever. Many people now require image-synthesis techniques and software for their applicaions. Moreover, the techniques of computer ani mation have become very popular. In this book, we present a wide range of applications of computer graphics. This book is a collection of 44 papers in various areas of computer graphics selected from papers presented at Graphics Interface '85. Graphics Interface '85, held from May 27 to 31 in Montreal, was the first truly international computer graphics conference in Canada. This year, for the first time, the conference was presented jointly by the Com puter Graphics Society and the Canadian Man-Computer Communications Society. This new arrangement gave the conference international scope. The conference was spon sored by the Department of Communications in Ottawa, the Department of Science and Technology in Quebec, Supply and Services Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineer ing Research Council of Canada, Hydro-Quebec, the "Association Canadienne Fran«aise pour I' Avancement des Sciences", and the Canadian Broadcasting Corpora tion. Graphics Interface '85 was organized by "1'Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales" of the University of Montreal. Over 100 papers were submitted to the conference , but 64 were selected by the inter national program committee for presentation. This book contains new expanded versions of the papers.

The State of the Art Proceedings of Graphics Interface ’85

Computer-Generated Images

Michiel, van de Panne

The contributions to this book address the problem of synthesizing the realistic movement and behaviour of human-like characters, simulated animals, fluids, and other dynamic phenomena. The animation techniques are driven by the goals of efficiency, as required by real-time interactive animations, and quality, as demanded by animations used in feature films. This series of workshops provides a high-quality international forum for the exchange of new ideas related to the themes of character animation, simulation of dynamic natural phenomena, motion capture and analysis, physically-based modeling, behavioral animation, and visualization.

Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop in Budapest, Hungary, September 2–3, 1997

Computer Animation and Simulation ’97

This book contains invited papers and a selection of research papers submitted to Computer Animation '91, the third international work shop on Computer Animation, which was held in Geneva on May 22-24. This workshop, now an annual event, has been organized by the Computer Graphics Society, the University of Geneva, and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. During the international workshop on Computer Animation '91, the fourth Computer-generated Film Festival of Geneva, was held. The book presents original research results and applications experience of the various areas of computer animation. This year most papers are related to character animation, human animation, facial animation, and motion contro!. NA DIA MAGNENAT THALMANN DANIEL THALMANN v Table of Contents Part I: Facial Animation Contral Parameterization for Facial Animation F. I. PARKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Linguistic Issues in Facial Animation C. PELACHAUD, N. !. BADLER, M. STEEDMAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Facial Animation by Spatial Mapping E. C. PATTERSON, P. c. LITWINOWICZ, N. GREENE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 A Transformation Method for Modeling and Animation of the Human Face fram Photographs T. KURlHARA, K. ARAI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Techniques for Realistic Facial Modeling and Animation D. TERZOPOULOS, K. WATERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Part ll: Human Modeling and Animation Generation of Human Motion with Emotion M. UNUMA, R. TAKEUCHI . . . . . . . . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Creating Realistic Three-Dimensional Human Shape Characters for Computer-Generated Films A. PAOURl, N. MAGNENATTHALMANN, D. THALMANN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Design of Realistic Gaits for the Purpose of Animation N. VASlLONIKOLIDAKIS, G. J CLAPWORTHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Computer Animation ’91

New Trends in Computer Graphics contains a selection of research papers submitted to Computer Graphics International '88 (COl '88). COl '88 is the Official Annual Conference of the Computer Graphics Society. Since 1982, this conference ha~ been held in Tokyo. This year, it is taking place in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1989, it will be held in Leeds, U. K. , in 1990 in Singapore, in 1991 in U. S. A. and in 1992 in Montreal, Canada. Over 100 papers were submitted to CGI '88 and 61 papers were selected by the International Program Committee. Papers have been grouped into 6 chapters. The flrst chapter is dedicated to Computer Animation because it deals with all topics presented in the other chapters. Several animation systems are described as well as speciflc subjects like 3D character animation, quaternions and splines. The second chapter is dedicated to papers on Image Synthesis, il1 particular new shading models and new algorithms for ray tracing are presented. Chapter 3 presents several algorithms for geometric modeling and new techniques for the creation and manipulation of curves, surfaces and solids and their applications to CAD. In Chapter 4, an important topic is presented: the specification of graphics systems and images using l~nguages and user-interfaces. The last two chapters are devoted to applications in sciences, medicine, engineering, art and business.

Proceedings of CG International ’88

New Trends in Computer Graphics

Richard Boyle

Bahram Parvin

Darko Koracin

George Bebis

Ronald Chung

Hammoud

Muhammad Hussain

Kar-Han Tan

Roger Crawfis

David Kao

Lisa Avila

The three volume set LNCS 6453, LNCS 6454, and LNCS 6455 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2010, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA, in November/December 2010. The 93 revised full papers and 73 poster papers presented together with 44 full and 6 poster papers of 7 special tracks were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 300 submissions. The papers of part I (LNCS 6453) are organized in computational bioimaging, computer graphics, behavior detection and modeling, low-level color image processing, feature extraction and matching, visualization, motion and tracking, unconstrained biometrics: advances and trends, 3D mapping, modeling and surface reconstruction, and virtual reality. Part II (LNCS 6454) comprises topics such as calibration, pose estimation, and reconstruction, segmentation, stereo, registration, medical imaging, low cost virtual reality: expanding horizons, best practices in teaching visual computing, applications, and video analysis and event recognition. Part III (LNCS 6455) mainly contains papers of the poster session and concludes with contributions addressing visualization, as well as motion and tracking.

6th International Symposium, ISVC 2010, Las Vegas, NV, USA, November 29-December 1, 2010, Proceedings

Advances in Visual Computing

It is with great pleasure that we present the proceedings of the 6th Inter- tional, Symposium on Visual Computing (ISVC 2010), which was held in Las Vegas, Nevada. ISVC provides a common umbrella for the four main areas of visual computing including vision, graphics, visualization, and virtual reality. The goal is to provide a forum for researchers, scientists, engineers, and pr- titioners throughout the world to present their latest research ?ndings, ideas, developments, and applications in the broader area of visual computing. This year, the program consisted of 14 oral sessions, one poster session, 7 special tracks, and 6 keynote presentations. The response to the call for papers was very good; we received over 300 submissions for the main symposium from which we accepted 93 papers for oral presentation and 73 papers for poster p- sentation. Special track papers were solicited separately through the Organizing and Program Committees of each track. A total of 44 papers were accepted for oral presentation and 6 papers for poster presentation in the special tracks.

6th International Symposium, ISVC 2010, Las Vegas, NV, USA, November 29-December 1, 2010, Proceedings, Part II

Theory and Practice

Computer Animation

Constantine Stephanidis

George Papagiannakis

Marina Gavrilova

Enhua Wu

Bin Sheng

Jinman Kim

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 37th Computer Graphics International Conference, CGI 2020, held in Geneva, Switzerland, in October 2020. The conference was held virtually. The 43 full papers presented together with 3 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 189 submissions. The papers address topics such as: virtual reality; rendering and textures; augmented and mixed reality; video processing; image processing; fluid simulation and control; meshes and topology; visual simulation and aesthetics; human computer interaction; computer animation; geometric computing; robotics and vision; scientific visualization; and machine learning for graphics.

37th Computer Graphics International Conference, CGI 2020, Geneva, Switzerland, October 20–23, 2020, Proceedings

Advances in Computer Graphics

J N Chen

N M Thalmann

Z S Tsang

This series of conferences has been organized to reflect the significant development of computer graphics in the Pacific Rim countries. PG '94 took place in China and attracted 210 papers, 50 of which were reviewed by an international set of referees and 21 of which are included in this volume, along with three invited papers. The selected papers are subdivided into five topics: modeling surfaces and deformations, image synthesis, computer animation, CAD, and image analysis and volume rendering.

Fundamentals Of Computer Graphics - Proceedings Of The Second Pacific Conference On Computer Graphics And Applications, Pacific Graphics ’94

Soraia Raupp Musse

Research into the methods and techniques used in simulating crowds has developed extensively within the last few years, particularly in the areas of video games and film. Despite recent impressive results when simulating and rendering thousands of individuals, many challenges still exist in this area. The comparison of simulation with reality, the realistic appearance of virtual humans and their behavior, group structure and their motion, and collision avoidance are just some examples of these challenges. For most of the applications of crowds, it is now a requirement to have real-time simulations – which is an additional challenge, particularly when crowds are very large. Crowd Simulation analyses these challenges in depth and suggests many possible solutions. Daniel Thalmann and Soraia Musse share their experiences and expertise in the application of: · Population modeling · Virtual human animation · Behavioral models for crowds · The connection between virtual and real crowds · Path planning and navigation · Visual attention models · Geometric and populated semantic environments · Crowd rendering The second edition presents techniques and methods developed since the authors first covered the simulation of crowds in 2007. Crowd Simulation includes in-depth discussions on the techniques of path planning, including a new hybrid approach between navigation graphs and potential-based methods. The importance of gaze attention – individuals appearing conscious of their environment and of others – is introduced, and a free-of-collision method for crowds is also discussed.

Crowd Simulation

This book covers both theoretical and practical aspects of virtual worlds and multimedia. It presents advanced research and survey on key topics such as image compression, HDTV, synthetic actors, synthetic TV, 3D interaction, virtual reality, electronic books, and architectural space.

Virtual Worlds and Multimedia

This volume contains the research papers presented at the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation, Manchester, UK, September 2-3, 2001. The workshop is an international forum for research in computer-animation and simulation. This year, we choose to give a special focus on the modelling and animation of complex phenomena. This includes the modelling of virtual creature- from their body-parts to the control of their behavior, and the animation of natural phenomena such as water, smoke, fire and vegetation. The call for papers required submission of the full papers for review, and each paper was reviewed by at least 2 members of the international program committee and additional reviewers. Based on the reviews, 16 papers were accepted. We added to the final program an invited talk by Jos Stam. We wish to thank all reviewers for their time and effort in working within the rigid constraints of the tight schedule, thereby making it possible to publish this volume in time for the workshop. We also thank the authors for their contributions to the workshop, without whom this unique forum for animation and simulation work would not exist.

Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop in Manchester, UK, September 2–3, 2001

Computer Animation and Simulation 2001

Rae Earnshaw

Peter Excell

Susan Liggett

This open access book details the relationship between the artist and their created works, using tools such as information technology, computer environments, and interactive devices, for a range of information sources and application domains. This has produced new kinds of created works which can be viewed, explored, and interacted with, either as an installation or via a virtual environment such as the Internet. These processes generate new dimensions of understanding and experience for both the artist and the public’s relationships with the works that are produced. This has raised a variety of interdisciplinary opportunities and issues, and these are examined. The symbiotic relationship between artistic works and the cultural context in which they are produced is reviewed. Technology can provide continuity by making traditional methods and techniques more efficient and effective. It can also provide discontinuity by opening up new perspectives and paradigms. This can generate new ideas, and produce a greater understanding of artistic processes and how they are implemented in practice. Tools have been used from the earliest times to create and modify artistic works. For example, naturally occurring pigments have been used for cave paintings. What has been created provides insight into the cultural context and social environment at the time of creation. There is an interplay between the goal of the creator, the selection and use of appropriate tools, and the materials and representations chosen. Technology, Design and the Arts - Opportunities and Challenges is relevant for artists and technologists and those engaged in interdisciplinary research and development at the boundaries between these disciplines.

Technology, Design and the Arts - Opportunities and Challenges

N Subhashini

K. Mohanaprasad

M S Bala Murugan

This book is a collection of papers from international experts presented at the International Conference on NextGen Electronic Technologies (ICNETS2). ICNETS2 encompassed six symposia covering all aspects of electronics and communications engineering, including relevant nano/micro materials and devices. Highlighting recent research in intelligent embedded systems, the book is a valuable resource for professionals and students working in the core areas of electronics and their applications, especially in signal processing, embedded systems, and networking. The contents of this volume will be of interest to researchers and professionals alike.

Select Proceedings of ICNETS2

Intelligent Embedded Systems

6th International Symposium, ISVC 2010, Las Vegas, NV, USA, November 29-December 1, 2010, Proceedings, Part I

Demetri Terzopoulos

This volume contains research papers that were presented at the Sixth Eurographics Workshop on Animation and Simulation which took place at Maastricht, The Nether lands, September 2-3, 1995. A core area within computer graphics, animation is concerned with the computer synthesis of dynamic scenes. The creation of realistic animation based on the simulation of physical and biological phenomena is a unify ing and rapidly evolving research theme. This series of workshops, an activity of the Eurographics Working Group on Animation and Simulation, is an international forum where researchers representing the animation and simulation communities convene to exchange knowledge and experience related to this theme and to physics-based mod elling, human modelling, motion control, visualization, etc. Of keen interest at this sixth workshop were novel animation techniques and animation systems that simulate the dynamics and interactions of physical objects-solid, fluid, and gaseous-as well as the behaviors of living systems such as plants, lower animals, and humans. The workshop continued to promote the confluence of animation and simulation as a leading edge of computer graphics research that is providing animators with sophisticated new algorithms for synthesizing dynamic scenes. The call for extended abstracts for the workshop, issued in February 1995, elicited an enthusiastic response.

Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop in Maastricht, The Netherlands, September 2–3, 1995

Computer Animation and Simulation ’95

Virtual Humans are becoming more and more popular and used in many applications such as the entertainment industry (in both film and games) and medical applications. This comprehensive book covers all areas of this growing industry including face and body motion, body modelling, hair simulation, expressive speech simulation and facial communication, interaction with 3D objects, rendering skin and clothes and the standards for Virtual Humans. Written by a team of current and former researchers at MIRALab, University of Geneva or VRlab, EPFL, this book is the definitive guide to the area. Explains the concept of avatars and autonomous virtual actors and the main techniques to create and animate them (body and face). Presents the concepts of behavioural animation, crowd simulation, intercommunication between virtual humans, and interaction between real humans and autonomous virtual humans Addresses the advanced topics of hair representation and cloth animation with applications in fashion design Discusses the standards for Virtual Humans, such as MPEG-4 Face Animation and MPEG-4 Body Animation.

Handbook of Virtual Humans

Computer Science Workbench is a monograph series which will provide you with an in-depth working knowledge of current developments in computer technology. Every volume in this series will deal with a topic of importance in computer science and elaborate on how you yourself can build systems related to the main theme. You will be able to develop a variety of systems, including computer software tools, computer gra phics, computer animation, database management systems, and compu ter-aided design and manufacturing systems. Computer Science Work bench represents an important new contribution in the field of practical computer technology. TOSIYASU L. KUNII Preface to the Second Edition Computer graphics is growing very rapidly; only computer animation grows faster. The first edition of the book Computer Animation: Theory and Practice was released in 1985. Four years later, computer animation has exploded. Conferences on computer animation have appeared and the topic is recognized in well-known journals as a leading theme. Computer-generated film festivals now exist in each country and several thousands of films are produced each year. From a commercial point of view, the computer animation market has grown considerably. TV logos are computer-made and more and more simulations use the technique of computer animation. What is the most fascinating is certainly the development of computer animation from a research point-of-view.

Daniel Thalmann

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