Noelle Higgins

Michael Doherty

David M. Doyle

Amina Adanan

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a landmark instrument in the history of human rights. This instrument was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, and sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. It has significantly influenced the development of human rights law and policy internationally, regionally and domestically. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights at Seventy: A Review of Successes and Challenges celebrates the seventieth anniversary of the Declaration and provides an analysis of how it has contributed to the protection of human rights globally. It also identifies and discusses a number of the challenges to the realisation of rights set out in the instrument. The chapters, authored by academics and practitioners in the field of human rights, provide insights into the drafting of the UDHR, human rights activism, the rights protected by the instrument, as well as the relationship between the Declaration and other human rights protective mechanisms.

A Review of Successes and Challenges

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights at Seventy

Liam O'Callaghan

This is a comprehensive and nuanced historical survey of the death penalty in Ireland from the immediate post-civil war period through to its complete abolition. Using original archival material, this book sheds light on the various social, legal and political contexts in which the death penalty operated and was discussed. In Ireland the death penalty served a dual function: as an instrument of punishment in the civilian criminal justice system, and as a weapon to combat periodic threats to the security of the state posed by the Irish Republican Army (IRA). Through close examination of cases dealt with in the ordinary criminal courts, this study elucidates ideas of class, gender, community and sanity and explores their impact on the administration of justice. The application of the death penalty also had a strong political dimension, most evident in the enactment of emergency legislation and the setting up of military courts specifically aimed at the IRA. As the book demonstrates, the civilian and the political strands converged in the story of the abolition of the death penalty in Ireland. Long after decision-makers accepted that the death penalty was no longer an acceptable punishment for 'ordinary' cases of murder, lingering anxieties about the threat of subversives dictated the pace of abolition and the scope of the relevant legislation.

David M. Doyle

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