Tim Bale

Elin Haugsgjerd Allern

Both parties and interest groups matter to democracy. Historically, examples of close relationships between the two abound. But perhaps the best known - because it was supposedly the most intimate and politically important - is the relationship between left-of-centre parties and trade unions. Whether rooted in a shared history, culture, and ideology or simply a 'marriage of convenience', the links between them helped socialist, social democratic, and labour parties win power and deliver huge gains to the working class in the post-war period. In recent decades, however, it has been widely argued that the links between left-of-centre parties and trade unions have declined as their collaboration has become less mutually beneficial, not least as a consequence of structural changes in the economy and labour market. This volume interrogates, qualifies, and even challenges that widespread assumption. Based on a brand new dataset, including organizational gathered by a cross-national team of experts, it uncovers and explores what turns out to be considerable variation in the strength of contemporary organizational links between parties and unions in twelve different countries that have been democracies since at least the mid- to late-1940s. Testing a series of hypotheses on the importance of on the impact of particular political systems and socio-economic factors, and on the costs and benefits for both parties and unions, detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis reveals that, left-of-centre party-trade union links are stronger where trade unions are larger, denser, and more unified and where parties are less able to rely on the state to finance their organizational activities and electoral campaigns. Moreover, it remains the case that the links between parties and unions still matter in policy terms.

Left-Of-Centre Parties and Trade Unions in the Twenty-First Century

Knut Heidar

Rune Karlsen

This book shows that the decline of parties as membership organizations does not necessarily mean that parties have decayed as channels for representation in democracies. Possible explanations can be found in party competition for votes and in other aspects of party organizations.

Elin Haugsgjerd Allern

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