Eve Rosenhaft

The German Communists and Political Violence, 1929-1933

Beating the Fascists?

Robbie John Macvicar Aitken

Africa in Europe goes beyond the still-dominant American and transatlantic focus of disapora studies, examining the experiences of black and white Africans, Afro-Caribbeans, and African Americans in Western Europe, Britain, and the former Soviet Union from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first. Exploring a huge range of border-crossing experiences across and within Africa and Europe, it examines topics such as ethnic and cultural boundaries, working across the color line, and the limits of solidarity. With contributions from scholars in social history, art history, anthropology, cultural studies, and literary studies, as well from a novelist and a filmmaker, it offers a broad look at the intersection of Africa and Europe at all levels, from family and community to culture and politics.

Studies in Transnational Practice in the Long Twentieth Century

Africa in Europe

Celia Donert

This book explores the legacies of the genocide of Roma in Europe after the end of the Second World War. Hundreds of thousands of people labelled as ‘Gypsies’ were persecuted or killed in Nazi Germany and across occupied Europe between 1933 and 1945. In many places, discrimination continued after the war was over. The chapters in this volume ask how these experiences shaped the lives of Romani survivors and their families in eastern and western Europe since 1945. This book will appeal to researchers and students in Modern European History, Romani Studies, and the history of genocide and the Holocaust.

The Legacies of the Romani Genocide in Europe since 1945

Robbie Aitken

A groundbreaking account of the development of Germany's first African community, which offers fascinating perspectives on transnational German history.

The Making and Unmaking of a Diaspora Community, 1884-1960

Black Germany

Professor of German Historical Studies Eve Rosenhaft

In this book Eve Rosenhaft examines the involvement of Communists in political violence during the years of Hitler's rise to power in Germany (1929-33). Specifically, she aims to account for their participation in `street-fighting' or 'gang-fighting' with National Socialist storm-troopers. The origins of this conflict are examined at two levels. First Dr Rosenhaft analyses the official policy of the Communist Party towards fascism and Nazism, and the special anti-fascist and self-defence organizations which it developed. Among the aspects of Communist policy that are explored are the relation between the international confrontation between Communists and Social Democrats as claimants to lead the left, and the implications of this dispute in German politics; the ideological difficulties in the implementation of Communist policy in a period of economic dislocation; and the organizational problems posed by the fight against fascism. Dr Rosenhaft then explores the attitudes and experience of the Communist rank and file engaged in the struggle against fascism, concentrating on the city of Berlin, where a fierce contest for control of the streets was waged.

The German Communists and Political Violence 1929-1933

Felix Brahm

Contributors from the US, Britain and Europe explore a neglected aspect of transatlantic slavery: the implication of a continental European hinterland.

Transatlantic Slavery and Continental Europe, 1680-1850

Slavery Hinterland

Hannah Smith

Erica Michiko Charters

Civilians and War in Europe 1618–1815 examines the relationship between civilians and warfare from the start of the Thirty Years War to the end of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. The volume interrogates received narratives of warfare that identify the development of modern 'total' war with the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and instead considers the continuities and transformations in warfare over the course of two hundred years. The contributors examine prisoners of war, the cultures of plunder, the tensions of billeting, and war-time atrocities throughout England, France, Spain, and the German territories. They also explore the legal practices surrounding the conduct and aftermath of war; representations of civilians, soldiers, and militias; and the philosophical underpinnings of warfare. They probe what it meant to be a civilian in territories beset by invasion and civil war or in times when ‘peace’ at home was accompanied by almost continuous military engagement abroad. Their accounts show us civilians not only as anguished sufferers, but also directly involved with war: fighting back with shocking violence, profiting from war-time needs, and negotiating for material and social redress. And they show us individuals and societies coming to terms with the moral and political challenges posed by the business of drawing lines between ‘civilians’ and ‘soldiers’.With contributors drawn from the fields of political and legal theory, literature and the visual arts, and military, political, social, and cultural history, this volume will appeal to all those with an interest in the history of warfare and the evolution of the idea of the civilian.

Civilians and War in Europe, 1618-1815

This groundbreaking history traces the development of Germany's black community, from its origins in colonial Africa to its decimation by the Nazis during World War II. Robbie Aitken and Eve Rosenhaft follow the careers of Africans arriving from the colonies, examining why and where they settled, their working lives and their political activities, and giving unprecedented attention to gender, sexuality and the challenges of 'mixed marriage'. Addressing the networks through which individuals constituted community, Aitken and Rosenhaft explore the ways in which these relationships spread beyond ties of kinship and birthplace to constitute communities as 'black'. The study also follows a number of its protagonists to France and back to Africa, providing new insights into the roots of Francophone black consciousness and postcolonial memory. Including an in-depth account of the impact of Nazism and its aftermath, this book offers a fresh critical perspective on narratives of 'race' in German history.

Eve Rosenhaft

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