Federal Emergency Management Agency

FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Grant Program is a powerful resource in the combined effort by Federal, State, and local government, as well as private industry and homeowners, to end the cycle of repetitive disaster damage. The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act was passed on November 23, 1988, amending Public Law 93-288, the Disaster Relief Act of 1974. The Stafford Act included Section 404, which established the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. In 1993, the Hazard Mitigation and Relocation Act amended Section 404 to increase the amount of HMGP funds available and the cost-share to 75 percent Federal. This amendment also encouraged the use of property acquisition and other non-structural flood mitigation measures. In an effort to streamline HMGP delivery, FEMA encourages States to develop their mitigation programs before disaster strikes. States are adopting a more active HMGP management role. Increased capabilities may include: Conducting comprehensive all-hazard mitigation planning prior to disaster events; Providing applicants technical assistance on sound mitigation techniques and hazard mitigation policy and procedures; Coordinating mitigation programs through interagency teams or councils. Conducting benefit-cost analyses; and Preparing National Environmental Policy Act reviews for FEMA approval. States that integrate the HMGP with their frequently updated State Administrative and Hazard Mitigation Plans will create cohesive and effective approaches to loss reduction. This type of coordinated approach minimizes the distinction between “predisaster” and “post-disaster” time periods, and instead produces an ongoing mitigation effort. Hazard mitigation is any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects. A key purpose of the HMGP is to ensure that the opportunity to take critical mitigation measures to protect life and property from future disasters is not lost during the recovery and reconstruction process following a disaster. Program grant funds available under Section 404 of the Stafford Act provide States with the incentive and capability to implement mitigation measures that previously may have been infeasible. The purpose of this Desk Reference is to: Provide comprehensive information about FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP); Increase awareness of the HMGP as an integral part of statewide hazard mitigation efforts; and Encourage deeper commitments and increased responsibilities on the part of all States and communities to reduce damage and losses from natural disasters. This Desk Reference is organized to simplify program information and assist the reader with practical guidance for successful participation in the program. Lists of program-related acronyms and definitions are included, along with appendices that amplify selected aspects of the HMGP. This Desk Reference is organized into 14 sections, each of which presents a major HMGP subject area. In each section, information is presented on the right side of the page. In several sections, job aids containing supplemental material are provided. The job aids for each section can be found at the end of the section. At the front of each section, there is a detailed table of contents to help you locate specific information.

Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Desk Reference (FEMA 345)

NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT -- OVERSTOCK SALE -- Signficantly reduced lsit price FEMA produced this series of 37 fact sheets to provide technical guidance and recommendations concerning the construction of coastal residential buildings. The fact sheets present information aimed at improving the performance of buildings subject to flood and wind forces in coastal environments. Photographs and drawings illustrate National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) regulatory requirements, the proper siting of coastal buildings, and recommended design and construction practices for building components, including structural connections, the building envelope, and utilities. Many of the fact sheets also include lists of FEMA and other resources that provide more information about the topics discussed. Where appropriate, resources are accompanied by active web links. A list of the individual fact sheets that are contained inFEMA P-499, follows.Category 1 GeneralFact Sheet No. 1.1, Coastal Building Successes and FailuresFact Sheet No. 1.2, Summary of Coastal Construction Requirements and RecommendationsFact Sheet No. 1.3, Using a Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)Fact Sheet No. 1.4, Lowest Floor ElevationFact Sheet No. 1.5, V-Zone Design and Construction CertificationFact Sheet No. 1.6, Designing for Flood Levels Above the BFEFact Sheet No. 1.7, Coastal Building MaterialsFact Sheet No. 1.8, Non-Traditional Building Materials and SystemsFact Sheet No. 1.9, Moisture Barrier Systems Category 2 Planning Fact Sheet No. 2.1, How Do Siting and Design Decisions Affect the Owner's Costs?Fact Sheet No. 2.2, Selecting a Lot and Siting the Building Category 3 Foundations Fact Sheet No. 3.1, Foundations in Coastal AreasFact Sheet No. 3.2, Pile InstallationFact Sheet No. 3.3, Wood-Pile-to-Beam ConnectionsFact Sheet No. 3.4, Reinforced Masonry Pier ConstructionFact Sheet No. 3.5, Foundation Walls Category 4 Load Paths Fact Sheet No. 4.1, Load PathsFact Sheet No. 4.2, Masonry DetailsFact Sheet No. 4.3, Use of Connectors and Brackets Category 5 Wall Systems Fact Sheet No. 5.1, HousewrapFact Sheet No. 5.2, Roof-to-Wall and Deck-to-Wall FlashingFact Sheet No. 5.3, Siding Installation in High-Wind RegionsFact Sheet No. 5.4, Attachment of Brick Veneer In High-Wind Regions Category 6 Openings Fact Sheet No. 6.1, Window and Door InstallationFact Sheet No. 6.2, Protection of Openings Shutters and Glazing Category 7 - Roofing Fact Sheet No. 7.1, Roof Sheathing InstallationFact Sheet No. 7.2, Roof Underlayment for Asphalt Shingle RoofsFact Sheet No. 7.3, Asphalt Shingle Roofing for High-Wind RegionsFact Sheet No. 7.4, Tile Roofing for High-Wind AreasFact Sheet No. 7.5, Minimizing Water Intrusion through Roof Vents in High-Wind RegionsFact Sheet No. 7.6, Metal Roof Systems in High-Wind Regions Category 8 Attachments Fact Sheet No. 8.1, Enclosures and Breakaway WallsFact Sheet No. 8.2, Decks, Pools, and Accessory StructuresFact Sheet No. 8.3, Protecting Utilities Category 9 Repairs Fact Sheet No. 9.1, Repairs, Remodeling, Additions, and Retrofitting FloodFact Sheet No. 9.2, Repairs, Remodeling, Additions, and Retrofitting Wind Category G Guide Fact Sheet No. G.1, Technical Fact Sheet GuideFact Sheet No. G.2, References and Resources"

Home Builder's guide to coastal construction

U. S. Fire Administration

This analysis sought to identify trends in mortality and examine relationships among data elements. To this end, data were collected on firefighter fatalities between 1990 and 2000. (For further information, see the "Methodology" section or the Appendix.) Using this analysis, better targeted prevention strategies can be developed in keeping with the USFA's goal to reduce firefighter deaths 25 percent by 2005. In contrast to the annual USFA firefighter fatality reports, this analysis allowed for comparisons over time to determine any changes in firefighter mortality, with a depth of scrutiny not present in earlier analyses.

Firefighter Fatality Retrospective Study

U.s. Department of Homeland Security

This report, America at Risk, builds on the meetings of America Burning, Recommissioned, and is based on statements, discussions and recommendations that were issued on May 3rd by the Commission as the “Principal Findings and Recommendations”. One hundred years ago, American cities faced a devastating challenge from the threat of urban fires. Whole cities had become the victims of these events. Entire neighborhoods lived with the very real threat that an ignited fire would take everything, including their lives. Today, the threat of fires is still with us. But we have done a lot to address the risk, minimize the incidence and severity of losses, and prevent fires from spreading. Our states and localities have an improving system of codes and standards; most of us are aware of the risks; our communities have everyday heroes who provide the first response to emergency calls; some of our homes and buildings have alarms or sprinkler systems; and our water distribution system for fire suppression stretches further than many imagined in 1900. We have accomplished a lot, but we have much more to do. Our community fire departments and firefighters are at the vanguard of the long-term effort to address our fire risks. Not only are they the first responders to fire and other natural and man-made disasters, but also they have been strong advocates of effective codes and standards; they visited our schools and neighborhoods with educational material on fire risks, and they have put their lives on the line countless times. They will continue to do so. There is ample proof that the word hero is a correct attribute of our Nation's firefighters. As this report very clearly indicates, the success of America's fire services over the past 100 years is instructive for the strength and sustainability of America's communities for the next 100 years as well. Today, we must not only continue and reinvigorate our successes, but also expand them to include the natural and man-made threats that each of our counties, cities, towns and villages face every day – floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, hazardous material spills, highway accidents, acts of terrorism, and so much more. As the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Project Impact: Building Disaster Resistant Communities has shown, community-based partnerships among local government, public safety services, businesses and residents will provide us the best set of priorities and implementation strategies, as well as the longest lasting commitments with respect to disaster prevention. That is why FEMA and national fire service organizations have formed a Project Impact partnership to support communities' efforts to become disaster resistant. Project Impact depends on our first responders, our neighborhood fire departments, and without them, our communities would all be more vulnerable to disaster losses.

America Burning Recommissioned (Fa-223)

America at Risk

National Fire Data Center

The 12th edition of Fire in the United States covers the 10-year period from 1989 to 1998, with emphasis on 1998. As usual in this series, this edition describes the overall national fire problem; examines aspects of the problem in residential and non-residential structures, vehicles, and outside fires; and addresses casualties sustained by firefighters in the line of duty. Additionally, this report presents the number of fires and deaths in each state for 1998 and, where available, the 10-year trends. Special analyses address the problem of fire as it related to the very young and to older adults. These individuals are at higher-than-average risk from fire, a problem receiving high attention by the USFA.

Fa-216

Fire in the United States, 1989-1998

U. s. Department of Homeland Security

A fundamental principle of the Public Assistance (PA) Program is that it will operate much more effectively for all participants when everyone shares a common understanding of the program benefits, expectations, and procedures. To support this idea, FEMA has undertaken an effort to provide the State, Tribal, and local partners with more and better information about the PA Program. Through the Internet, newly published materials, training opportunities, and the production of a standard Applicant's Briefing package, FEMA wants to ensure that all participants have the tools to do their part in obtaining and administering public assistance funding. As part of this effort, FEMA has produced this digest of PA Program policies. The Public Assistance Policy Digest is intended to be an easy-to read, easy-to use, brief summary of the basic policies that govern the PA Program. While the digest is primarily intended for those unfamiliar with the terms and provisions of the program, it also may serve as a reference for those with more knowledge of the program. Because this policy digest is not exhaustive, either in topics or in detail, information should be verified with FEMA PA Program officials before becoming the basis for decision making.

Fema 321 / January 2008

Public Assistance Policy Digest

Homeland Security

Recent improvised explosive device (IED) and active shooter incidents reveal that some traditional practices of first responders need to be realigned and enhanced to improve survivability of victims and the safety of first responders caring for them. This multi-disciplinary edition translates evidence-based response strategies based on military experience in responding to and managing casualties from IED and/or active shooter incidents and from its significant investment in combat casualty care research into the civilian first responder environment. Table of Contents: Executive Summary Purpose General Information: Improvised Explosive Device Active Shooter Take an Active Role in Your Own Safety: Explosions Active Shooter Incident First Responder for Improving Survivability in Improvised Explosive Device and/or Active Shooter Incidents Background: Defining First Responders Defining the Threat Military Lessons Learned and Civilian Adaptation Improvised Explosive Device Incidents Active Shooter Incidents Hemorrhage Control Protective Equipment Response and Incident Management Responder Guidelines: Hemorrhage Control Protective Equipment Response and Incident Management Summary Threat-based Scenarios: Large-scale Terrorist/insurgency Attack Medium-scale Terrorist/insurgency Attack Medium-scale Terrorist/insurgency Attack Small Scale Terrorist/insurgency Attack Involuntary Suicide Bomber Discovery/recovery of Homemade Explosives (Not an Attack) Active Shooter With Access Denial to First Responders Active Shooter in a Public Commercial Facility Active Shooter in an Open, Outdoor, Unbounded Location Active Shooter in a Public Sports Complex Provide First Aid After Improvised Explosive Device and/or Active Shooter Incidents Stop the Bleeding and Protect the Wound First Aid for Specific Injuries List of Major Bombing Incidents in the United States 2007-2017 List of Major Mass Shootings in the United States 2007-2017

Save Yourself and the Lives of Others - Learn How to Act Instantly, The Strategies and Procedures After the Incident, How to Help the Injured & Be Able to Provide First Aid

How to Survive a Terrorist Attack – Become Prepared for a Bomb Threat or Active Shooter Assault

This full color manual is intended to explain the principles of seismic design for those without a technical background in engineering and seismology. The primary intended audience is that of architects, and includes practicing architects, architectural students and faculty in architectural schools who teach structures and seismic design. For this reason the text and graphics are focused on those aspects of seismic design that are important for the architect to know.

A Manual for Architects. Fema 454 / December 2006. (Risk Management Series)

Designing for Earthquakes

Following certain disaster events, state, tribal, and/or local governments may wish to undertake a long-term recovery program in which FEMA - using its long-term community recovery assessment tool indicates that supplemental federal support is not required. The FEMA Long-Term Community Recovery (LTCR) Self-Help Guide (guide) is intended to provide state, tribal and local governments with a framework for implementing their own long-term community recovery planning process after a significant disaster event. It is assumed that any state, tribal, or local government undertaking a LTCR Self-Help program will have qualified staff to manage the planning process. Every disaster is unique, but there are basic principles that can be applied to assist in long-term recovery from the disaster. This LTCR Self-Help Guide: Provides step-by-step guidance for implementing a LTCR planning program based on the experience obtained and the lessons learned by teams of planners, architects, and engineers over a period of several years and multiple experiences in comprehensive long-term community recovery; Incorporates case studies for each of the steps in a LTCR program; Offers guidance and suggestions for involving the public in the recovery program; Provides method for developing a LTCR plan that is a flexible and usable blueprint for community recovery. The Self-Help Guide is based on the experiences gained and lessons learned by communities in developing and implementing a long-term community recovery program. The guide incorporates the knowledge gained by dozens of community planners as they undertook the LTCR program and developed LTCR plans in disasters that varied in scope from a tornado in a small town to the World Trade Center disaster. There also may be a need for communities to modify the process set forth in this guide to suit their particular needs. It is important that each community assess its own capability to undertake LTCR planning. The guidance provided in this guide is based on a process that has worked - but where outside technical assistance has been provided. If, after reviewing the guide, local officials do not feel they have the capacity to lead and manage this effort, consideration should be given to soliciting assistance from any of the resources listed in STEP 3: SECURING OUTSIDE SUPPORT. The primary function of the LTCR Self-Help Guide is to provide a planning template to communities that have been struck by a disaster and/or the community has the resources to undertake a LTCR program on its own. But this guide also may be useful for FEMA LTCR technical assistance teams as they work with communities on long-term recovery and may even be of assistance as a tool for teaching community preparedness in terms of putting infrastructure in place for a LTCR program before a disaster occurs.

A Self-Help Guide

Long-Term Community Recovery Planning Process

U S Fire Administration

This guide is intended to offer both small and large, career and volunteer departments, specific recommendations and example for applying ergonomics. The guide's contents includes an introduction to ergonomics, ergonomic-related disorders, developing an ergonomics program, ergonomic hazards, preventing and controlling ergonomic hazards, training, medical management, procedures for reporting injuries, implementing the ergonomic program, and evaluating program effectiveness.

A Guide for Understanding and Implementing an Ergonomics Program in Your Department

Fire and Emergency Medical Services Ergonomics

Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101 provides Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) guidance on the fundamentals of planning and developing emergency operations plans (EOP). CPG 101 shows that EOPs are connected to planning efforts in the areas of prevention, protection, response, recovery, and mitigation. Version 2.0 of this Guide expands on these fundamentals and encourages emergency and homeland security managers to engage the whole community in addressing all risks that might impact their jurisdictions. While CPG 101 maintains its link to previous guidance, it also reflects the reality of the current operational planning environment. This Guide integrates key concepts from national preparedness policies and doctrines, as well as lessons learned from disasters, major incidents, national assessments, and grant programs. CPG 101 provides methods for planners to: Conduct community-based planning that engages the whole community by using a planning process that represents the actual population in the community and involves community leaders and the private sector in the planning process; Ensure plans are developed through an analysis of risk; Identify operational assumptions and resource demands; Prioritize plans and planning efforts to support their seamless transition from development to execution for any threat or hazard; Integrate and synchronize efforts across all levels of government. CPG 101 incorporates the following concepts from operational planning research and day-to-day experience: The process of planning is just as important as the resulting document; Plans are not scripts followed to the letter, but are flexible and adaptable to the actual situation; Effective plans convey the goals and objectives of the intended operation and the actions needed to achieve them. Successful operations occur when organizations know their roles, understand how they fit into the overall plan, and are able to execute the plan. Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101 provides guidelines on developing emergency operations plans (EOP). It promotes a common understanding of the fundamentals of risk-informed planning and decision making to help planners examine a hazard or threat and produce integrated, coordinated, and synchronized plans. The goal of CPG 101 is to make the planning process routine across all phases of emergency management and for all homeland security mission areas. This Guide helps planners at all levels of government in their efforts to develop and maintain viable all-hazards, all-threats EOPs. Accomplished properly, planning provides a methodical way to engage the whole community in thinking through the life cycle of a potential crisis, determining required capabilities, and establishing a framework for roles and responsibilities. It shapes how a community envisions and shares a desired outcome, selects effective ways to achieve it, and communicates expected results. Each jurisdiction's plans must reflect what that community will do to address its specific risks with the unique resources it has or can obtain. Planners achieve unity of purpose through coordination and integration of plans across all levels of government, nongovernmental organizations, the private sector, and individuals and families. This supports the fundamental principle that, in many situations, emergency management and homeland security operations start at the local level and expand to include Federal, state, territorial, tribal, regional, and private sector assets as the affected jurisdiction requires additional resources and capabilities. A shared planning community increases the likelihood of integration and synchronization, makes planning cycles more efficient and effective, and makes plan maintenance easier.

Developing and Maintaining Emergency Operations Plans: Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101, Version 2. 0

U.S. Department of Defense

This book was written as a resource for an emergency response in case of a nuclear detonation. An interagency group of communications, radiation technical experts and doctors developed this edition which includes advised safety measures, key messages for the impacted community and the nation, anticipated questions and answers for the public in the immediate aftermath of a nuclear detonation, detailed first aid measures for injured persons and many more answers for the questions you didn't even knew you had.

How to Survive a Nuclear Attack – Gain The Knowledge & Be Prepared

Preparedness takes action! Learn more about hazards which can affect your community and ways you can take action to prepare and participate: Earthquakes can occur suddenly and be deadly. Most earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects. Flooding is the most common natural disaster in the United States and can happen anywhere. Hurricanes have the power to cause widespread devastation, and can affect both coastal and inland areas. Tornadoes are one of nature's most violent storms, and can cause death, injury, and destruction within seconds. Wildfires can occur anywhere and can destroy homes, businesses, infrastructure, natural resources, and agriculture. Winter storms can occur anywhere and bring freezing rain, ice, snow, high winds or a combination of all these conditions. They can cause power outages that last for days or weeks; making it hard to keep warm and making travel very dangerous. Recent national tragedies remind us that the risk is real: an active shooter incident can happen in any place at any time. The best way to make sure you and your loved ones stay safe is to prepare ahead of time. Content: How to Prepare for an Earthquake How to Prepare for a Flood How to Prepare for a Hurricane How to Prepare for a Tornado How to Prepare for a Wildfire How to Prepare for a Winter Storm How to Provide Emergency Medical Help: First Aid Case and Kits Emergency Rescue and Transportation Procedures First Aid Handbook in Case of Injury: Specific Injuries Fractures Climatic Injuries

Ready to React! – What to Do When Emergency Occur: How to Prepare for the Earthquake, Flood, Hurricane, Tornado, Wildfire or Winter Storm (Including First Aid Instructions)

Disaster Survival Guide – Be Prepared for Any Natural Disaster

U.S. Fire Administration

This manual was developed under contract for the U.S. Fire Administration to provide comprehensive guidelines for the design or remodeling of fire and emergency medical services (EMS) stations and other facilities (e.g., training centers) in terms of safety and health concerns.

Safety and Health Considerations for the Design of Fire and Emergency Medical Services Stations

Tri-data Corporation

This report examines fire and alcohol studies performed by medical scientists, fire investigators, and social theorists. The physiological effects of long and short-term alcohol use are described. Alcohol's effect on behavior and its role in unintentional injuries is examined. The demographics of alcohol use and abuse as well as societal factors influencing alcohol use are noted. Caretakers who are under the influence of alcohol are also studied in regards to how their impairment may affect a dependent individual. The demographics of fire and fire fatalities are described. The leading causes of fire fatalities are also discussed, specifically how and to what extent they are affected by alcohol.

Establishing a Relationship Between Alcohol and Casualties of Fire

Following the two damaging California earthquakes in 1989 (Loma Prieta) and 1994 (Northridge), many concrete wall and masonry wall buildings were repaired using federal disaster assistance funding. The repairs were based on inconsistent criteria, giving rise to controversy regarding criteria for the repair of cracked concrete and masonry wall buildings. To help resolve this controversy, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) initiated a project on evaluation and repair of earthquake damaged concrete and masonry wall buildings in 1996. The ATC-43 project addresses the investigation and evaluation of earthquake damage and discusses policy issues related to the repair and upgrade of earthquake damaged buildings. The project deals with buildings whose primary lateral-force-resisting systems consist of concrete or masonry bearing walls with flexible or rigid diaphragms, or whose vertical-load-bearing systems consist of concrete or steel frames with concrete or masonry infill panels. The intended audience is design engineers, building owners, building regulatory officials, and government agencies. The project results are reported in three documents. The FEMA 306 report, Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings, Basic Procedures Manual, provides guidance on evaluating damage and analyzing future performance. Included in the document are component damage classification guides, and test and inspection guides. FEMA 307, Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings, Technical Resources, contains supplemental information including results from a theoretical analysis of the effects of prior damage on single-degree-of-freedom mathematical models, additional background information on the component guides, and an example of the application of the basic procedures. FEMA 308, The Repair of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings, discusses the policy issues pertaining to the repair of earthquake damaged buildings and illustrates how the procedures developed for the project can be used to provide a technically sound basis for policy decisions. It also provides guidance for the repair of damaged components.

Federal Emergency Management Agency

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