Frank B. Wilderson III

Red, White & Black is a provocative critique of socially engaged films and related critical discourse. Offering an unflinching account of race and representation, Frank B. Wilderson III asks whether such films accurately represent the structure of U.S. racial antagonisms. That structure, he argues, is based on three essential subject positions: that of the White (the “settler,” “master,” and “human”), the Red (the “savage” and “half-human”), and the Black (the “slave” and “non-human”). Wilderson contends that for Blacks, slavery is ontological, an inseparable element of their being. From the beginning of the European slave trade until now, Blacks have had symbolic value as fungible flesh, as the non-human (or anti-human) against which Whites have defined themselves as human. Just as slavery is the existential basis of the Black subject position, genocide is essential to the ontology of the Indian. Both positions are foundational to the existence of (White) humanity. Wilderson provides detailed readings of two films by Black directors, Antwone Fisher (Denzel Washington) and Bush Mama (Haile Gerima); one by an Indian director, Skins (Chris Eyre); and one by a White director, Monster’s Ball (Marc Foster). These films present Red and Black people beleaguered by problems such as homelessness and the repercussions of incarceration. They portray social turmoil in terms of conflict, as problems that can be solved (at least theoretically, if not in the given narratives). Wilderson maintains that at the narrative level, they fail to recognize that the turmoil is based not in conflict, but in fundamentally irreconcilable racial antagonisms. Yet, as he explains, those antagonisms are unintentionally disclosed in the films’ non-narrative strategies, in decisions regarding matters such as lighting, camera angles, and sound.

Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms

Red, White & Black

Afro-Pessimism

In 1995, a South African journalist informed Frank Wilderson, one of only two American members of the African National Congress (ANC), that President Nelson Mandela considered him "a threat to national security." Wilderson was asked to comment. Incognegro is that "comment." It is also his response to a question posed five years later in a California university classroom: "How come you came back?" Although Wilderson recollects his turbulent life as an expatriate during the furious last gasps of apartheid, Incognegro is at heart a quintessentially American story. During South Africa's transition, Wilderson taught at universities in Johannesburg and Soweto by day. By night, he helped the ANC coordinate clandestine propaganda, launch psychological warfare, and more. In this mesmerizing political memoir, Wilderson's lyrical prose flows from unspeakable dilemmas in the red dust and ruin of South Africa to his return to political battles raging quietly on US campuses and in his intimate life. Readers will find themselves suddenly overtaken by the subtle but resolute force of Wilderson's biting wit, rare vulnerability, and insistence on bearing witness to history no matter the cost.

A Memoir of Exile and Apartheid

Incognegro

Por que a questão da raça permeia grande parte do nosso universo moral e político? Por que um ciclo perpétuo de escravidão — em todas as suas formas: política, intelectual e cultural — continua a definir a experiência da negritude? E por que a violência contra os negros é um traço predominante em todo o mundo? Essas são apenas algumas das questões que este livro levanta. Wilderson apresenta, nesta obra, as bases de um movimento intelectual — o afropessimismo — que vê a negritude pelo prisma da escravidão perpétua. A partir de clássicos da literatura, do cinema, da filosofia e da teoria crítica, ele mostra que a construção social da escravidão, vista pelas lentes da subjugação dos negros, não é uma relíquia do passado, mas um mecanismo que alimenta nossa civilização. Sem a dinâmica senhor-negro escravizado, sustenta o autor, um dos pilares da civilização mundial iria a colapso. Mais do que qualquer outro grupo, os negros serão sempre vistos como escravos em relação à humanidade. Afropessimismo fala ainda da infância do autor em Minneapolis e do racismo que ele sofre — seja na Califórnia dos anos 1960 ou durante o apartheid na África do Sul, onde ele se junta às fileiras do Congresso Nacional Africano. Este livro não apresenta solução para o ódio que está por toda parte, mas Wilderson acredita que reconhecer essas condições históricas é um gesto de autonomia em face de um mundo social essencialmente racializado.

Frank B. Wilderson III

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