Helen Zimmern

The Hanseatic League - A History of the Rise and Fall of the Hansa Towns

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

In "Beyond Good and Evil" Nietzsche accuses past philosophers of lacking critical sense and blindly accepting dogmatic premises in their consideration of morality. The work moves into the realm "beyond good and evil" in the sense of leaving behind the traditional morality which Nietzsche subjects to a destructive critique in favour of what he regards as an affirmative approach. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, poet, philologist, and Latin and Greek scholar whose work has exerted a profound influence on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history. Because of Nietzsche's evocative style and provocative ideas, his philosophy generates passionate reactions. His works remain controversial, due to varying interpretations and misinterpretations of his work. In the Western philosophy tradition, Nietzsche's writings have been described as the unique case of free revolutionary thought, that is, revolutionary in its structure and problems, although not tied to any revolutionary project Helen Zimmern (1846-1934) was naturalised British writer and translator born in Germany. She was instrumental in making European culture more accessible in English.

Beyond Good and Evil

Friedrich Nietzche

Summary Nietzsche opens with the provocative question, "Supposing truth is a woman-what then?" Then truth would need to be cajoled and flattered, not pursued with the tactless dogmatism of most philosophers. While philosophy must overcome its dogmatic thinking, it has at least provided our culture with the tension to spring forward into something new and better. Nietzsche catalogs a number of the dogmatisms inherent in philosophy, such as the separation of ideas into binary opposites like truth and falsehood; "immediate certainties," like Descartes' certainty that he is thinking; and the idea of free will. Philosophy is interested in giving us insight not into truth but into the minds of the different philosophers. Everything is governed by a will to power, and in philosophy, we see great minds trying to impose their will on the world by persuading others to see the world as they see it. The will to power is the fundamental drive in the universe. Behind truth, thought, and morality lie drives and passions that we try to mask behind a veneer of calm objectivity. What we call truth, for instance, is just the expression of our will to power, where we declare our particular perspective on reality to be objectively and universally true. Ultimately, all reality is best understood in terms of competing wills. Nietzsche praises "free spirits" who struggle to free themselves from the prejudices of others and to question their own assumptions. In particular, they will look beneath the "moral" worldview that examines people's motives and perceive instead the "extra-moral" worldview that examines the unconscious drives that determine our expressed motives.

The Hansa Towns

Firdawsī

Stories Retold from Firdusi

Shah Nameh

The Epic of Kings

In the following pages are outlined the Life and Philosophy of one of the most original and picturesque intellectual giants of our age. For while Schopenhauer offers marked analogies to Johnson, Rousseau and Byron, and yields in interest to none of them, he was at the same time a man of absolutely unique mould.

Revival: Schopenhauer: His Life and Philosophy (1932)

His Life and His Works

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

The Hansa Towns and the Hanseatic League is a fantastic history of the famous trading group.

The Hansa Towns and the Hanseatic League

His Life and His Philosophy

Arthur Schopenhauer

Arthur Schopenhauer ( 22 February 1788 - 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher. He is best known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation (expanded in 1844), wherein he characterizes the phenomenal world as the product of a blind and insatiable metaphysical will. Proceeding from the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant, Schopenhauer developed an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism, rejecting the contemporaneous post-Kantian philosophies of German idealism. Schopenhauer was among the first thinkers in Western philosophy to share and affirm significant tenets of Eastern philosophy (e.g., asceticism, the world-as-appearance), having initially arrived at similar conclusions as the result of his own philosophical work.

Arthur Schopenhauer, His Life and Philosophy

His Life and Work ...

L. Alma Tadema, Royal Academician

Arthur Schopenhauer His Life and His Philosophy by Helen Zimmern

Beyond Good and Evil - The Consideration of Morality - By Friedrich Nietzsche - Translated by Helen Zimmern Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future (German: Jenseits von Gut und Bose: Vorspiel einer Philosophie der Zukunft) is a book by philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, first published in 1886. It draws on and expands the ideas of his previous work, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, but with a more critical and polemical approach. In Beyond Good and Evil, Nietzsche accuses past philosophers of lacking critical sense and blindly accepting dogmatic premises in their consideration of morality. Specifically, he accuses them of founding grand metaphysical systems upon the faith that the good man is the opposite of the evil man, rather than just a different expression of the same basic impulses that find more direct expression in the evil man. The work moves into the realm "beyond good and evil" in the sense of leaving behind the traditional morality which Nietzsche subjects to a destructive critique in favour of what he regards as an affirmative approach that fearlessly confronts the perspectival nature of knowledge and the perilous condition of the modern individual.

Helen Zimmern

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