Henri Poincaré

Francis Maitland

Classic account of basic methodology and psychology of scientific discovery explains how scientists analyze and choose their working facts and explores the nature of experimentation, theory, and the mind. 1914 edition.

Science and Method

Science and hypothesis

On aimerait que la logique de la science soit infaillible. Mais la nature et la rigueur du raisonnement scientifique reposent en grande partie sur l’importance de l’hypothèse, et celle de la convention. Qu’en est-il par exemple du nombre, autrement dit de la grandeur mathématique ? La trouvons-nous dans la nature, ou est-ce nous qui l’y introduisons ? De même pour l’espace : d’où viennent les premiers principes de la géométrie ? Nous sont-ils imposés par la logique ? L’espace nous est-il révélé par nos sens ? La géométrie dérive-t-elle de l’expérience ? Parcourant les sciences, de l’arithmétique et la géométrie jusqu’à la mécanique et la physique expérimentale, Poincaré livre ici son premier essai philosophique, écrit au début du XXe siècle et devenu un classique.

La science et l'hypothèse

Bilim ve Hipotez

Étienne Ghys

Jules Vuillemin

On aimerait que la logique de la science soit infaillible. Mais la nature et la rigueur du raisonnement scientifique reposent en grande partie sur l'importance de l'hypothèse, et celle de la convention. Qu'en est-il par exemple du nombre, autrement dit de la grandeur mathématique ? La trouvons-nous dans la nature, ou est-ce nous qui l'y introduisons ? De même pour l'espace : d'où viennent les premiers principes de la géométrie ? Nous sont-ils imposés par la logique ? L'espace nous est-il révélé par nos sens ? La géométrie dérive-t-elle de l'expérience ? Parcourant les sciences, de l'arithmétique et la géométrie jusqu'à la mécanique et la physique expérimentale, Poincaré livre ici son premier essai philosophique, écrit au début du XXe siècle et devenu un classique.

Mit e. Vorw. d. Verf

Der Wert der Wissenschaft

Henri Poincare

Collects three of the French mathematician's classic works interpreting the philosophy of science and mathematics.

Essential Writings of Henri Poincaré

The Value of Science

Science and Hypothesis, The Value of Science, Science and Method

The Foundations of Science

During his lifetime, Henri Poincaré published three major philosophical books which achieved great success: "La science et l'hypothèse" (1902), "La valeur de la science" (1905) and "Science et méthode" (1908). After his death in 1913, a fourth volume of his philosophical works was published by his heirs as "Dernières pensées" (1913). The four books constitute the core of Poincaré's philosophic works and were given an ovation by scientific and general public. Around 1919, Gustave Le Bon wrote to Poincaré's widow. As the director of the "Bibliothèque de Philosophie Scientifique at Flammarion", he asked her permission to publish a second posthumous volume. "L'Opportunisme scientifique" was intended to be the fifth and final volume of Poincaré's philosophical writings. Louis Rougier had elaborated the project, with the collaboration of Gustave Le Bon, and the approval of the philosopher Émile Boutroux and his son Pierre. Because of the reservations of the mathematician's heirs, this book was never published and Dernières pensées remained his last philosophical book. Nevertheless Poincaré's correspondence - which is kept in the Poincaré Archives at University Nancy 2 - contains a large amount of documents concerning the project, its justification and the discussions between Louis Rougier and the mathematician's heirs. The aim of this book is to restore this episode, which gives some crucial informations about editorial practices of Poincaré and about the posterity of his philosophic thinking.

An Anthology

Scientific Opportunism L’Opportunisme scientifique

This work by the French mathematician Henri Poincaré, translated into English in 1913, elegantly expounds his philosophy of science.

On the Foundations of Geometry ...

The Value of Science - La Valeur de la Science - Henri Poincare - The Value of Science is a book by the French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher Henri Poincare. It was published in 1905. The book deals with questions in the philosophy of science and adds detail to the topics addressed by Poincare's previous book, Science and Hypothesis (1902). The search for truth should be the goal of our activities; it is the sole end worthy of them. Doubtless we should first bend our efforts to assuage human suffering, but why? Not to suffer is a negative ideal more surely attained by the annihilation of the world. If we wish more and more to free man from material cares, it is that he may be able to employ the liberty obtained in the study and contemplation of truth. But sometimes truth frightens us. And in fact we know that it is sometimes deceptive, that it is a phantom never showing itself for a moment except to ceaselessly flee, that it must be pursued further and ever further without ever being attained. Yet to work one must stop, as some Greek, Aristotle or another, has said. We also know how cruel the truth often is, and we wonder whether illusion is not more consoling, yea, even more bracing, for illusion it is which gives confidence. When it shall have vanished, will hope remain and shall we have the courage to achieve? Thus would not the horse harnessed to his treadmill refuse to go, were his eyes not bandaged? And then to seek truth it is necessary to be independent, wholly independent. If, on the contrary, we wish to act, to be strong, we should be united. This is why many of us fear truth; we consider it a cause of weakness. Yet truth should not be feared, for it alone is beautiful."

Henri Poincar

La valeur de la science

W. Jäger

J. Blondin

E. Gumlich

Vorlesungen

Mathematische Theorie des Lichtes

George Bruce Halsted

Science and Hypothesis

New Methods of Celestial Mechanics

L'intérêt que portait Henri Poincaré (1854-1912) à des questions d'ordre physique a été durable et profond; elle couvre presque toute sa carrière, et marque l'histoire de la physique tout au long du 20ème siècle. Sa correspondance avec cinquante-et-un physiciens, quatre chimistes, et cinq ingénieurs commence dès 1879, lorsqu'il s'engage activement dans la recherche scientifique. Elle est rythmée par des grandes découvertes d'ordre expérimental, instrumental, et théorique. Henri Poincaré, while well-known as the most brilliant mathematician at the close of the 19th century, is also a founder of 20th-century physics, in virtue of his fundamental contributions to Maxwell's theory, systems dynamics, electron theory, relativity and quantum theory. These subjects and others are discussed in this critical edition of his correspondence with sixty physicists, chemists, and engineers.

Sciences Physiques

La Correspondance D'Henri Poincare

Science and Hypothesis is a classic text in history and philosophy of science. Widely popular since its original publication in 1902, this first new translation of the work in over a century features unpublished material missing from earlier editions. Addressing errors introduced by Greenstreet and Halsted in their early 20th-century translations, it incorporates all the changes, corrections and additions Poincaré made over the years. Taking care to update the writing for a modern audience, Poincaré's ideas and arguments on the role of hypotheses in mathematics and in science become clearer and closer to his original meaning, while David J. Stump's introduction gives fresh insights into Poincaré's philosophy of science. By approaching Science and Hypothesis from a contemporary perspective, it presents a better understanding of Poincare's hierarchy of the sciences, with arithmetic as the foundation, geometry as the science of space, then mechanics and the rest of physics. For philosophers of science and scientists working on problems of space, time and relativity, this is a much needed translation of a ground-breaking work which demonstrates why Poincaré is still relevant today.

Henri Poincaré

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