International Agency for Research on Cancer

Annual Report - International Agency for Research on Cancer

This volume of the IARC Monographs presents evaluations of the carcinogenic hazard to humans of drinking coffee and very hot beverages including, but not limited to, mate. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays and co-carcinogenicity studies, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of drinking coffee, mate, and very hot beverages. The Working Group assessed more than 1000 observational and experimental studies that investigated the association between cancer at more than 20 sites with drinking coffee, mate, and very hot beverages.

Drinking Coffee, Mate, and Very Hot Beverages

Biennial Report

The present volume differs considerably from its first edition and the many changes made provide a new structure and presentation of the information. Separate new chapters each describing the tumours of the major parts of the alimentary tract have been added. New chapters are included on tumours of nasal cavity and the gallbladder. New findings have been incorporated whenever possible and relevant, so as to ensure that this series, of which this is the third and last volume, reflects the latest developments in this area of research. Pathology of Tumors in Laboratory Animals

Tumours of the Hamster

WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart is the seventh volume in the Fourth Edition of the WHO series on histological and genetic typing of human tumors. This authoritative, concise reference book provides an international standard for oncologists and pathologists and will serve as an indispensable guide for use in the design of studies monitoring response to therapy and clinical outcome.

Who Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart

IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans

This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls. Polychlorinated biphenyls are a class of aromatic compounds comprising 209 congeners, each containing 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to a biphenyl nucleus. Technical products, which were manufactured to obtain a certain degree of chlorination, are mixtures of numerous congeners. These products were widely used as dielectric fluid in capacitors and transformers, and to a lesser extent in building materials. Although their production and use has been banned in most countries, these compounds are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, including in polar regions and the deep ocean, because they are persistent and bioaccumulate. Worldwide monitoring programs have shown that polychlorinated biphenyls are present in most samples of human milk. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of polychlorinated biphenyls, of the subclass of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, and of polybrominated biphenyls.

Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Biphenyls

World Health Organization

This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of bitumens and their emissions, the N-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benz[a]acridine, benz[c]acridine, dibenz[a,h]acridine, dibenz[a,j]acridine, dibenz[c,h]acridine, carbazole and 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, as well as the S-hetrocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene and dibenzothiophene. Bitumens are produced by distillation of crude oil during petroleum refining, and also occur naturally. Bitumens can be divided into six broad classes, according to their physical properties and specifications required for different applications. The major use (about 80%) of bitumens is for road paving; other uses include roofing, waterproofing, sealing and painting. The term "bitumen" should not be confused with "asphalt", which refers to the mixture of bitumen (4-10% by weight), small stones, sand and filler used for road paving. Bitumens are complex mixtures that contain a large number of organic chemical compounds. Application of bitumens may generate emissions (fumes and vapours) that may contain, among volatile and non-volatile compounds, a number of known or probable carcinogens. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of various occupations that entail exposure to bitumens and bitumen emissions, including road paving, roofing, and application of mastic asphalt, and to various heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic compounds.

Bitumens and Bitumen Emissions, and Some N- and S-heterocyclic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

This concise reference book provides an international standard for pathologists and oncologists and will serve as an indispensable guide for use in the design of studies monitoring response to therapy and clinical outcome. Diagnostic criteria, pathological features, and associated genetic alterations are described in a strictly disease-oriented manner. Sections on all WHO-recognized neoplasms and their variants include new ICD-O codes, incidence, age and sex distribution, location, clinical signs and symptoms, pathology, genetics, and predictive factors. This volume covers tumours of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, of the nasopharynx, of the hypophyranyx, larynx and trachea, of the oral cavity and oropharynx, of salivary glands, as well as odontogenetic tumours, tumours of the ear, the paraganglionic system, and inherited tumour syndromes. Each entity is extensively discussed with information on clinicopathological, epidemiological, immunophenotypic and genetic aspects of these diseases.

Pathology and Genetics of Head and Neck Tumours

Alfred Schutz

The Stranger, an Essay in Social Psychology

International Academy of Pathology

Pathology and Genetics of Skin Tumours is the latest volume in the new WHO series on histological and genetic typing of human tumours. This publication, offers an authorative and concise reference book, providing an international standard for dermatologists, pathologists and oncologists and will serve as an indispensable guide for use in the design of studies monitoring response to therapy and clinical outcome. Diagnostic criteria, pathological features, and associated genetic alterations are described in strictly disease-oriented manner. Sections on all WHO-recognized neoplasms and their variants include ICD-O codes, incidence, age and sex distribution, location, clinical signs and symptoms, pathology, genetics, and predictive factors. The book, prepared by more than 150 authors from 20 countries, contains 648 colour photographs, clinical images and charts, amd more than 2600 references. This volume covers keratinocytic, melanocytic, appendageal, haematopoietic, soft tissue and neural tumours, as well as inherited tumour syndromes. Each entity is extensively discussed with information on clinicopathological, epidemiological, immunophenotypic and genetic aspects of these diseases.

Pathology and Genetics of Skin Tumours

D. M. Parkin

E. Masuyer

The "Cancer Incidence in Five Continents" series presents data on cancer incidence in a standardized format for every area in the world from which it is possible to obtain reliable figures. Volume V, published in 1987, included data from population based cancer registries covering 137 populations in 36 countries. The publication depicts the data published in Volume V in a graphic format. This form of presentation allows a more easy appreciation of the range and pattern of incidence internationally, and highlights the interesting variations for the different cancer sites. Histograms of the world standardized rates illustrate the range in incidence for 40 geographically representative populations by cancer site and by sex, with the addition of bars showing the highest and lowest rates for each site among all the populations included in Volume V. Pie charts show the proportions of the top ten cancer sites within each of the 137 populations in Volume V. A series of graphs for 24 populations show the different pattern of incidence by age for 47 cancer sites.

Patterns of Cancer in Five Continents

Occurrence and Biological Effects : Proceedings of the VIIth International Symposium on N-nitroso Compounds Held in Tokyo, 28 September-1 October 1981

N-nitroso Compounds

This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, which met in Lyon, 19-26 June 2001.

Static and extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields

Non-ionizing Radiation

Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by exposures in the dry cleaning industry by eight chlorinated solvents and related chemicals and by an additional group of seven industrial chemicals. Dry cleaning is evaluated in the first and most extensive monograph. Concerning exposures to specific chemicals, tetrachloroethylene is identified as the most commonly used solvent during the last two to three decades. The evaluation also considers exposure to the wide range of chemicals used in the treatment of spots. A review of epidemiological studies on dry cleaning indicates that the risks for cancers at two cites, urinary bladder and esophagus, may be increased by employment in dry cleaning. The monograph concludes that dry cleaning entails exposures that are possibly carcinogenic to humans. A second group of monographs evaluates selected chlorinated solvents and related chemicals used in dry cleaning, metal cleaning, and degreasing as chemical intermediates and in the production of insecticides and herbicides. Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1 2 3-trichloropropane were classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. 1-Chloro-2-methylpropene was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The remaining chemicals - chloral and chloral hydrate, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and 3-chloro-2-methylpropene - could not be classified. For the remaining seven chemicals used in a diversity of industrial applications, vinyl fluoride was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. Furan, benzofuran, and vinyl acetate were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Acrolein crotonaldehyde and furfural could not be classified.

Dry Cleaning, Some Chlorinated Solvents and Other Industrial Chemicals

IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Cancer-Preventive Strategies

This publication sets outs the findings of an IARC Working Group, held in Lyon, France in November 2003, which considered the benefits of a diet rich in cruciferous vegetables in helping to reduce the risk of various cancers. Cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, watercress and brussel sprouts, contain substantial amounts of compounds which have been shown to inhibit the growth of cancers. This publication reviews current knowledge on the topic, including data from human, experimental and mechanistic studies, as well as making recommendations for future research and public health policy options.

Cruciferous Vegetables, Isothiocyanates and Indoles

This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group which met in Lyon, 12-19 February 2002.

Some Traditional Herbal Medicines, Some Mycotoxins, Naphthalene and Styrene

Commission of the European Communities

This book is a compilation and discussion of data on the survival of cancer patients in 12 European countries. Measures of incidence, survival and mortality are critical to the interpretation of data on progress in the fight against cancer, and in the evaluation of the overall effectiveness of cancer control programmes. Randomized controlled clinical trials have shown many modern protocols for cancer treatment to be more effective than earlier treatments, but until now, comparable population-based survival figures have raraly been available. EUROCARE is a concerted action among European cancer registries, aimed at estimating and comparing the survival of cancer patients in different European populations. The rationale behind this project is to optimize the comparability of survival data by using an agreed and standard definition of the diseases for which survival is to be compared, and by taking due account of basic demographic variables. The EUROCARE Working Group succeeded in collecting, checking and editing data on cancer survival from 30 cancer registries in 12 countries, and established a database covering some 800,000 cancer patients in the period 1978-85 and followed up to the end of 1990. This database forms the raw material for this monograph.

The EUROCARE Study

Survival of Cancer Patients in Europe

This volume of the IARC Monographs series provides an evaluation of the carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution. Outdoor air pollution is a complex mixture of pollutants originating from natural and anthropogenic sources, including transportation, power generation, industrial activity, biomass burning, and domestic heating and cooking. The mix of pollutants in outdoor air varies widely in space and time, reflecting the diversity of sources and the influence of atmospheric processes. Commonly measured air pollutants include particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide; the concentration of particulate matter is often used as an indicator of pollution levels. Millions of people worldwide are exposed to outdoor air pollution at levels that substantially exceed existing health-based guidelines. This evaluation is the culmination of a series that has examined individual pollutants that are contained in the mixture of outdoor air. Related previous evaluations have been published in IARC Monographs Volumes 92, 93, 95, 100C, 100E, 103, and 105. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological studies, animal cancer bioassays, and mechanistic data to assess the carcinogenic hazards of exposure to outdoor air pollution and particulate air pollution.

IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans

Outdoor Air Pollution

IARC Scientific Publications

A working group of sixteen experts from seven countries re-evaluated the evidence of the carcinogenicity of betel-quid and areca-nut chewing and some areca-nut related nitrosamines. Betel-quid and areca-nut chewing are widely practised in many parts of Asia and in Asian-migrant communities elsewhere in the world. There are hundreds of millions of users worldwide. They evaluated betel quid with tobacco as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence of an increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and oesophagus. The working group reviewed epidemiological studies of human cancer, mainly studies from India, Pakistan and Taiwan (China). Studies on betel quid with tobacco and areca nut with tobacco in experimental animals now also provide sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity. The working group also evaluated betel quid without tobacco as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), on the basis of sufficient evidence of an increased risk of oral cancer. Studies on betel quid without tobacco and areca nut without tobacco in experimental animals now also provide sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity. Areca nut, a common ingredient of betel quid and many different chewing preparations, including those available commercially, has been observed to cause oral submucous fibrosis

International Agency for Research on Cancer

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