Jan-Werner Müller

What Is Populism?

A much-anticipated guide to saving democracy, from one of our most essential political thinkers. Everyone knows that democracy is in trouble, but do we know what democracy actually is? Jan-Werner Müller, author of the widely translated and acclaimed What Is Populism?, takes us back to basics in Democracy Rules. In this short, elegant volume, he explains how democracy is founded not just on liberty and equality, but also on uncertainty. The latter will sound unattractive at a time when the pandemic has created unbearable uncertainty for so many. But it is crucial for ensuring democracy’s dynamic and creative character, which remains one of its signal advantages over authoritarian alternatives that seek to render politics (and individual citizens) completely predictable. Müller shows that we need to re-invigorate the intermediary institutions that have been deemed essential for democracy’s success ever since the nineteenth century: political parties and free media. Contrary to conventional wisdom, these are not spent forces in a supposed age of post-party populist leadership and post-truth. Müller suggests concretely how democracy’s critical infrastructure of intermediary institutions could be renovated, re-empowering citizens while also preserving a place for professionals such as journalists and judges. These institutions are also indispensable for negotiating a democratic social contract that reverses the secession of plutocrats and the poorest from a common political world.

Democracy Rules

'There is no better guide to the populist passions of the present' The New York Times Donald Trump, Silvio Berlusconi, Marine Le Pen, Hugo Chávez - populists are on the rise across the globe. But what exactly is populism? Should everyone who criticizes Wall Street or Washington be called a populist? What precisely is the difference between right-wing and left-wing populism? Does populism bring government closer to the people or is it a threat to democracy? Who are "the people" anyway and who can speak in their name? These questions have never been more pressing. In this provocative book, Jan-Werner Müller argues that at populism's core is a rejection of pluralism. Populists will always claim that they and they alone represent the people and their true interests. Contrary to conventional wisdom, populists can govern on the basis of their claim to exclusive moral representation of the people: if populists have enough power, they will end up creating an authoritarian state that excludes all those not considered part of the proper "people". Proposing a number of concrete strategies for how liberal democrats should best deal with populists, Müller shows how to counter their claims to speak exclusively for "the silent majority".

Popülizm Nedir?

ein Essay

Was ist Populismus?

Wat is populisme?

Carl Schmitt (1888-1985) was one of the 20th century's most brilliant and disturbing critics of liberalism. He was also one of the most important intellectuals to offer his services to the Nazis, for which he was dubbed the crown jurist of the Third Reich. Despite this fateful alliance Schmitt has exercised a profound influence on post-war European political and legal thought - on both the right and the left. In this study, Jan-Werner Muller traces the permutations of Schmitt's ideas after World War II and relates them to broader political developments in Europe. his key concepts, Muller explains why interest in the political theorist continues. He assesses the uses of Schmitt's thought in debates on globalization and the quest for a liberal world order. He also offers insights into the liberalization of political thinking in post-authoritarian societies and the persistent vulnerabilities and blind spots of certain strands of Western liberalism.

Carl Schmitt in Post-war European Thought

A Dangerous Mind

Verfassungspatriotismus

Wenige Jahre nach seinem Erscheinen gilt Jan-Werner Müllers Was ist Populismus? als Klassiker der Gegenwartsdiagnose. Die New York Times sprach von einem »brillanten Buch«, der französische L’Obs von einem »Standardwerk«, die NZZ attestierte dem Essay »brennende Aktualität«. Populisten reklamieren für sich, sie seien die einzige Stimme des wahren Volkes; gleichzeitig gelten sie vielen als Bedrohung der Demokratie. Angesichts dieser unübersichtlichen und oft von Alarmismus geprägten Debattenlage tritt Jan-Werner Müller einen Schritt zurück und fragt nach den leitenden Prinzipien dieser Regierungsform: Was bedeutet Freiheit, wenn wir das Regieren an andere delegieren? Wie viel ökonomische Ungleichheit ist noch mit der Grundanforderung politischer Gleichheit kompatibel? Wie kommen wir mit Verfahren zurecht, deren Ergebnisse notwendigerweise ungewiss sind? Demokratie ist, so Müller, nicht zuletzt auf funktionierende vermittelnde Institutionen angewiesen: auf unabhängige Medien, die Öffentlichkeit schaffen, auf Parteien, die politische Konflikte auf demokratische Weise strukturieren – und vor allem auf mobilisierte Bürgerinnen und Bürger, die bereit sind, unbequem, ja sogar ungehorsam zu sein, um demokratische Prinzipien zu verteidigen.

Wie schafft man Demokratie?

Freiheit, Gleichheit, Ungewissheit

This book offers a succinct re-examination of Berlin’s Cold War liberalism, at a time when many observers worry about the emergence of a new Cold War. Two chapters look closely at Berlin’s liberalism in a Cold War context, one carefully analyses whether Berlin was offering a universal political theory – and argues that he did indeed (already at the time of the Cold War there were worries that Berlin was a kind of relativist). It will be of value for scholars of the cold war and of security issues in contemporary Asia, as well as students of history and philosophy.

Isaiah Berlin’s Cold War Liberalism

Ein Essay

Jan-Werner Mueller

This book is the first to examine the connection between memory and politics directly.

Studies in the Presence of the Past

Memory and Power in Post-War Europe

Constitutional Patriotism offers a new theory of citizenship and civic allegiance for today's culturally diverse liberal democracies. Rejecting conventional accounts of liberal nationalism and cosmopolitanism, Jan-Werner Müller argues for a form of political belonging centered on universalist norms, adapted for specific constitutional cultures. At the same time, he presents a novel approach to thinking about political belonging and the preconditions of democratic legitimacy beyond the nation-state. The book takes the development of the European Union as a case study, but its lessons apply also to the United States and other parts of the world. Müller's essay starts with an engaging historical account of the origins and spread of the concept of constitutional patriotism-the idea that political attachment ought to center on the norms and values of a liberal democratic constitution rather than a national culture or the "global human community." In a more analytical part, he then proposes a critical conception of citizenship that makes room for dissent and civil disobedience while taking seriously a polity's need for stability over time. Müller's theory of constitutional patriotism responds to the challenges of the de facto multiculturalism of today's states--with a number of concrete policy implications about immigration and the preconditions for citizenship clearly spelled out. And it asks what civic empowerment could mean in a globalizing world.

Constitutional Patriotism

Jan-Werner Mü ller

This important book not only examines changing notions of nationhood and their complicated relationship to the Nazi past but also charts the wider history of the development of German political thought since World War II, while critically reflecting on some of the continuing blind spots among German writers and thinkers.

Jan-Werner Müller

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