Jean Louis Schefer

Max Cavitch

Paul Grant

Noura Wedell

When it was first published in French in 1980, The Ordinary Man of Cinema signaled a shift from the French film criticism of the 1960s to a new breed of film philosophy that disregarded the semiotics and post-structuralism of the preceding decades. Schefer describes the schizophrenic subjectivity the cinema offers us: the film as a work projected without memory, viewed by (and thereby lived by) a subject scarred and shaped by memory. The Ordinary Man of Cinema delineates the phenomenology of movie-going and the fleeting, impalpable zone in which an individual's personal memory confronts the cinema's ideological images to create a new way of thinking. It is also a book replete with mummies and vampires, tyrants and prostitutes, murderers and freaks -- figures that are fundamental to Schefer's conception of the cinema, because the worlds that cinema traverses (our worlds, interior and exterior) are worlds of pain, unconscious desire, decay, repressed violence, and the endless mystery of the body. Fear and pleasure breed monsters, and such are what Schefer's emblematic "ordinary man" seeks and encounters when engaging in the disordering of the ordinary that the movie theater offers him. Among other things, Schefer considers "The Gods" in 31 brief essays on film stills and "The Criminal Life" with reflections on spectatorship and autobiography. While Schefer's book has long been standard reading in French film scholarship, until now it has been something of a missing link to the field (and more broadly, French theory) in English. It is one of the building blocks of more widely known and read translations of Gilles Deleuze (who cited this book as an influence on his own cinema books) and Jacques Rancière.

The Ordinary Man of Cinema

In The Deluge, The Plague, Paolo Uccello's great fresco becomes the site for Jean Louis Schefer's rich investigation of the ways a viewer is impelled to read historical paintings. In this essay first published in France in 1976, Europe's leading cultural critic offers reflections on the condition of memory and images in the Florentine Renaissance; the relation of perspective to the representation of the body in space and time; the profanation of the Eucharist and thus of images and law; the investment of language into the material of painting; and the shapes that defy figuration in Western traditions of painting.

The Deluge, the Plague--Paolo Uccello

Il y a plusieurs âges de la peinture dans la fresque. Ce Déluge d’Uccello retient une énigme. Le problème de l’espace et de la construction perspective y est étrangement anachronique par rapport à ce qu’est ici la solution de la figure : une grande métonymie des états de mouvement dans un espace stéréoscopique ; la figure ainsi comprise comme corps y est débordée par une inconnue de référence et d’emploi dans le 'mazzocchio'. La couleur découpe des unités, non des détails : elle est faite d’un grain plus gros que les corps. Un des niveaux de lecture est sans doute celui qu’impose une sorte d’avancée fantomale du corps de la mythologie, non de ses figures. Ce livre est mis en scène par des passages de peinture (des passages écrits, des sortes d’animaux) qui prennent appui sur les deux bords opposés de ce Déluge : la division des corps dans l’eau et l’objet le plus résistant (le module refermé de construction des figures).

Jean Louis Schefer

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