Jin Jiang

Poetics and Politics of Women's Yue Opera in Republican Shanghai, 1930s-1940s

Women and Public Culture

This ground-breaking volume documents women's influence on popular culture in twentieth-century China by examining Yue opera. A subgenre of Chinese opera, it migrated from the countryside to urban Shanghai and morphed from its traditional all-male form into an all-female one, with women cross-dressing as male characters for a largely female audience. Yue opera originated in the Zhejiang countryside as a form of story-singing, which rural immigrants brought with them to the metropolis of Shanghai. There, in the 1930s, its content and style transformed from rural to urban, and its cast changed gender. By evolving in response to sociopolitical and commercial conditions and actress-initiated reforms, Yue opera emerged as Shanghai's most popular opera from the 1930s through the 1980s and illustrates the historical rise of women in Chinese public culture. Jiang examines the origins of the genre in the context of the local operas that preceded it and situates its development amid the political, cultural, and social movements that swept both Shanghai and China in the twentieth century. She details the contributions of opera stars and related professionals and examines the relationships among actresses, patrons, and fans. As Yue opera actresses initiated reforms to purge their theater of bawdy eroticism in favor of the modern love drama, they elevated their social image, captured the public imagination, and sought independence from the patriarchal opera system by establishing their own companies. Throughout the story of Yue opera, Jiang looks at Chinese women's struggle to control their lives, careers, and public images and to claim ownership of their history and artistic representations.

Yue Opera and Social Change in Twentieth-Century Shanghai

Women Playing Men

Mufeed Mahmoud

Youmin Zhang

Modern technological systems rely on sophisticated control functions to meet increased performance requirements. For such systems, Fault Tolerant Control Systems (FTCS) need to be developed. Active FTCS are dependent on a Fault Detection and Identification (FDI) process to monitor system performance and to detect and isolate faults in the systems. The main objective of this book is to study and to validate some important issues in real-time Active FTCS by means of theoretical analysis and simulation. Several models are presented to achieve this objective, taking into consideration practical aspects of the system to be controlled, performance deterioration in FDI algorithms, and limitations in reconfigurable control laws.

Jin Jiang

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