Jody David Armour

Racialized mass incarceration is not just cell blocks brimming with black bodies. It's a pervasive and deep-seated way of talking and thinking about morality, law, and politics in matters of blame and punishment; it's a punitive impulse and retributive urge that runs so strong and deep in most Americans that taming it will take a revolution in consciousness. Through radical critiques of conventional morality, conventional legal theory, and conventional politics in criminal justice matters, this book fuels this revolution. Drawing on the phenomenon moral philosophers call moral luck, Armour's book humanizes these most otherized, monsterized criminals by challenging the widespread belief that there is a deep and wide moral gulf between "them" and law-abiding, noncriminal, nonviolent "us." Legally, his book roots out where bias lives in the black letter law and adjudication of just deserts; that is, it shows how murderers and other morally condemnable criminals are not merely "found" in criminal trials like discoverable facts of nature, but rather they are socially constructed, often by racially biased prosecutors, judges, and jurors. And politically, Armour both examines and exemplifies the way a transgressive word or symbol, like the troublesome and disreputable N-word itself, can, when wielded with care and precision by critical black writers and artists, signal a sharp rejection of respectability politics, promote political solidarity with the most reviled black criminals, and spark a revolution in consciousness about racialized mass incarceration.

Race, Language, Unequal Justice, and the Law

N*gga Theory

Jody Armour believes that, despite the fact that most whites today are racially well intentioned, race-based mistrust and misunderstanding pose one of the greatest obstacles to racial harmony in contemporary America. Beset by media images of black criminality, whites consistently cite statistics, trends, and past experiences to support their deep distrust of backs, a distrust blacks deeply resent. Negrophobia and Reasonable Racism is a crucial book, at a crucial time, just as white America is gradually coming to understand the hidden travails of African American life: the suspicious glances in department stores, the baseless questioning by police, the inability to get a taxi. Armour shows convincingly how this phenomenon has been so persistent as to constitute, literally, a tax on African Americans, sapping them of resources, opportunity, time, and energy. Skillfully drawing on a wide range of referents, from Greek mythology to Thomas Bayes, the father of statistics, armour plumbs our racial psychology and in the process exposes the racialized nature of our daily life and of our legal system. Unlike so much recent writing on race in America, Jody Armour's book is no plaintive cry of despair. His perspective is rooted in a measured, even hopeful belief that we both must and can overcome racial bias. Toward that end, he introduces specific ways in which we can overcome the unconscious discrimination and the automatic negative responses that tax blacks and so trouble progressive whites.

Jody David Armour

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