Patricia Lago

John Grundy

Paris Avgeriou

Ivan Mistrík

Jon G. Hall

Why have a book about the relation between requirements and software architecture? Understanding the relation between requirements and architecture is important because the requirements, be they explicit or implicit, represent the function, whereas the architecture determines the form. While changes to a set of requirements may impact on the realization of the architecture, choices made for an architectural solution may impact on requirements, e.g., in terms of revising functional or non-functional requirements that cannot actually be met. Although research in both requirements engineering and software architecture is quite active, it is in their combination that understanding is most needed and actively sought. Presenting the current state of the art is the purpose of this book. The editors have divided the contributions into four parts: Part 1 “Theoretical Underpinnings and Reviews” addresses the issue of requirements change management in architectural design through traceability and reasoning. Part 2 “Tools and Techniques” presents approaches, tools, and techniques for bridging the gap between software requirements and architecture. Part 3 “Industrial Case Studies” then reports industrial experiences, while part 4 on “Emerging Issues” details advanced topics such as synthesizing architecture from requirements or the role of middleware in architecting for non-functional requirements. The final chapter is a conclusions chapter identifying key contributions and outstanding areas for future research and improvement of practice. The book is targeted at academic and industrial researchers in requirements engineering or software architecture. Graduate students specializing in these areas as well as advanced professionals in software development will also benefit from the results and experiences presented in this volume.

Relating Software Requirements and Architectures

Rick Kazman

Ivan Mistrik

Nour Ali

Bradley Schmerl

Managing Trade-Offs in Adaptable Software Architectures explores the latest research on adapting large complex systems to changing requirements. To be able to adapt a system, engineers must evaluate different quality attributes, including trade-offs to balance functional and quality requirements to maintain a well-functioning system throughout the lifetime of the system. This comprehensive resource brings together research focusing on how to manage trade-offs and architect adaptive systems in different business contexts. It presents state-of-the-art techniques, methodologies, tools, best practices, and guidelines for developing adaptive systems, and offers guidance for future software engineering research and practice. Each contributed chapter considers the practical application of the topic through case studies, experiments, empirical validation, or systematic comparisons with other approaches already in practice. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, how to architect a system for adaptability, software architecture for self-adaptive systems, understanding and balancing the trade-offs involved, architectural patterns for self-adaptive systems, how quality attributes are exhibited by the architecture of the system, how to connect the quality of a software architecture to system architecture or other system considerations, and more. Explains software architectural processes and metrics supporting highly adaptive and complex engineering Covers validation, verification, security, and quality assurance in system design Discusses domain-specific software engineering issues for cloud-based, mobile, context-sensitive, cyber-physical, ultra-large-scale/internet-scale systems, mash-up, and autonomic systems Includes practical case studies of complex, adaptive, and context-critical systems

Managing Trade-offs in Adaptable Software Architectures

André van der Hoek

Jim Whitehead

Collaboration among individuals – from users to developers – is central to modern software engineering. It takes many forms: joint activity to solve common problems, negotiation to resolve conflicts, creation of shared definitions, and both social and technical perspectives impacting all software development activity. The difficulties of collaboration are also well documented. The grand challenge is not only to ensure that developers in a team deliver effectively as individuals, but that the whole team delivers more than just the sum of its parts. The editors of this book have assembled an impressive selection of authors, who have contributed to an authoritative body of work tackling a wide range of issues in the field of collaborative software engineering. The resulting volume is divided into four parts, preceded by a general editorial chapter providing a more detailed review of the domain of collaborative software engineering. Part 1 is on "Characterizing Collaborative Software Engineering", Part 2 examines various "Tools and Techniques", Part 3 addresses organizational issues, and finally Part 4 contains four examples of "Emerging Issues in Collaborative Software Engineering". As a result, this book delivers a comprehensive state-of-the-art overview and empirical results for researchers in academia and industry in areas like software process management, empirical software engineering, and global software development. Practitioners working in this area will also appreciate the detailed descriptions and reports which can often be used as guidelines to improve their daily work.

Collaborative Software Engineering

Nikolaus Pevsner

Peter Ryder

Grace McCombie

Humphrey Welfare

The county's remarkable and richly varied military architecutre, from Hadrian's Wall to Warkworth, contrasts with monastic ruins buried deep in the valleys of the Coquet and the Aln or standing proudly by the sea at Holy Island and Tynemouth. Newcastle upon Tyne has the most elegant nineteenth-century city centre in England. Elsewhere the distinctive smaller towns include Alnwick, dominated by its castle, Hexham with its priory, brick-built Morpeth, and Berwick-upon-Tweed, ringed with exceptional sixteenth-century fortifications. Great country houses range from Vanbrugh's theatrical Seaton Delaval to Sir Charles Monck's austere Belsay and Norman Shaw's romantic Cragside. Monuments of a great industrial past, as well as a wealth of smaller buildings, such as bastle houses (peelhouses or stronghouses unique to the Border country), are all vividly described in this revised guide to Northumberland's architectural pleasures.

Northumberland

The Stranger's Guide to Hampton Court Palace and Gardens

Chris Walker

Sharon McCarthy

Jacki Piroddi

Exam board: OCR Level: A-level Subject: Design and Technology First teaching: September 2015 First exams: Summer 2016 Inspire your students to tackle the iterative design process with creativity and confidence, using a textbook that delivers the knowledge, understanding and skills they need for the 2017 OCR Design & Technology AS and A-level specifications. Our trusted author team help you to confidently navigate both the designing and technical principles at the heart of OCR's enquiry approach and to apply them to each of the Product Design, Fashion and Textiles and Design Engineering endorsed titles. - Supports co-teaching of AS and A Level with clear signposting to the additional knowledge, understanding and skills needed at A Level - Inspires your students as they undertake the iterative design process, with a look at how to approach the Non-Exam Assessments, including creative examples of students' work for both the Product Development at AS and the Iterative Design Project at A Level - Helps students to prepare for the written exams with practice questions and guidance on the 'Principles' papers at both AS and A Level, and the 'Problem Solving' papers at A Level

OCR Design and Technology for AS/A Level

Grundy's Wonders, John Grundy's hit TV series about architecture in the north of England, has been one of Tyne Tees television's most popular shows. And in Northern Pride Grundy, with that well-known eye for detail that brings his accounts so vividly to life, looks at the history of the best and the worst buildings to be found up North, from the magnificent cathedrals such as Durham and York (the Premier League) to the worst type of bland and unimaginative buildings on featureless high streets (Local Sunday League Reserves). From the beautiful to the bleak, the grand to the ordinary, this is a book which will appeal to everyone with an ounce of Northern Pride running through their veins.

The Very Best of Northern Architecture... from Churches to Chip Shops

Northern Pride

John Grundy

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