Jon Elster

An expanded and revised edition of the author's critically acclaimed Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences.

More Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences

Explaining Social Behavior

Dr Elster analyses the notation of rationality through the study of irrational behaviour, desires and belief.

Studies in the Subversion of Rationality

Sour Grapes

A critical examination of the social theories of Karl Marx.

Making Sense of Marx

This book proposes a normative theory of collective decision making, inspired by Jeremy Bentham but not including his utilitarian philosophy. The central proposal is that in designing democratic institutions one should reduce as much as possible the impact of self-interest, passion, prejudice, and bias on the decision makers, and then let the chips fall where they may. There is no independently defined good outcome that institutions can track, nor is there any way of reliably selecting good decision makers. In addition to a long initial chapter that surveys theories of collective decision making, notably social-choice theory, and a chapter expounding and discussing Bentham's views, historical chapters on the jury, constituent assemblies, and electoral systems develop and illustrate the main ideas. This work draws on a welter of case studies and historical episodes, from Thucydides and Plutarch to the present. It is also grounded in psychology, behavioral economics, and law.

Juries, Assemblies, Elections

Securities against Misrule

A systematic, critical examination of Karl Marx's social theories and their philosophical presuppositions. Through extensive discussions of the texts Jon Elster offers a balanced and detailed account of Marx's views that is at once sympathetic, undogmatic and rigorous. Equally importantly he tries to assess 'what is living and what is dead in the philosophy of Marx', using the analytical resources of contemporary social science and philosophy. Professor Elster insists on the need for microfoundations in social science and provides a systematic criticism of functionalism and teleological thinking in Marx. He argues that Marx's economic theories are largely wrong or irrelevant; historical materialism is seen to have only limited plausibility (and is not even consistently applied by Marx); Marx's most lasting achievements are the criticism of capitalism in terms of alienation and exploitation and the theory of class struggle, politics and ideology under capitalism, though in these areas too Elster enters substantial qualifications. The book should take its place as the most comprehensive and sophisticated modern study available.

Dagfinn Føllesdal

Lars Walløe

Argumentationsteori, språk och vetenskapsfilosofi

تفسير السلوك الاجتماعي

This book was first published in 1984, as the revised edition of a 1979 original. The text is composed of studies in a descending sequence from perfect rationality, through imperfect and problematical rationality, to irrationality. Specifically human rationality is characterized by its capacity to relate strategically to the future, in contrast to the myopic 'gradient climbing' of natural selection. There is trenchant analysis of some of the parallels proposed in this connection between the biological and the social sciences. In the chapter on imperfect rationality the crucial notion is that of 'binding oneself', as Ulysses did before setting out to the Sirens, when weakness of will may prevent us from using our capacity for perfect rationality. The second half of the book deals with rational-actor theory, comparing its logical power and success to rival approaches, and with the varieties of irrationality expressed in contradictory beliefs and desires.

Studies in Rationality and Irrationality

Ulysses and the Sirens

Elster Jon

A concise and comprehensive introduction to Marx's social, political and economic thought for the beginning student. Jon Elster surveys in turn each of the main themes of marxist thought: methodology, alienation, economics, exploitation, historical materialism, classes, politics, and ideology; in a final chapter he assesses 'what is living and what is dead in the philosophy of Marx'. The emphasis throughout is on the analytical structure of Marx's arguments and the approach is at once sympathetic, undogmatic, and rigorous.

An Introduction to Karl Marx

"France before 1789 presents the main features of the prodigiously complex social system of the ancien regime which proceeded the French Revolution. In doing so Jon Elster goes beyond formal institutions to show how they worked in practice. He draws on a host of examples and contemporary texts to illuminate the perverse and sometimes pathological effects of this system and seeks to provide a detailed analysis of the political institutions that undergirded it. Whereas Tocqueville, in his famous analysis of the ancient regime, wanted to understand the old regime as a prelude to revolution, Elster views it as a prelude to constitution-making prompted by and intended to resolve these perversities. He views these as overlapping, yet important enough to render distinct. In addition to defending a particular set of substantive propositions about the conditions which led to the Constituent Assembly, Elster argues for a specific methodological approach to history, which emphasizes supplementing the historian's craft with approaches from the social sciences. Ultimately, he does not claim to answer the historians' questions better than they do. But he does aspire to ask and sometimes answer questions that historians have not formulated in order to better understand one of the most significant examples of collective decision-making history offers us"--

The Unraveling of an Absolutist Regime

France Before 1789

This new translation of an undisputed classic aims to be both accurate and readable. Tocqueville's subtlety of style and profundity of thought offer a challenge to readers as well as to translators. As both a Tocqueville scholar and an award-winning translator, Arthur Goldhammer is uniquely qualified for the task. In his Introduction, Jon Elster draws on his recent work to lay out the structure of Tocqueville's argument. Readers will appreciate The Ancien Régime and the French Revolution for its sense of irony as well as tragedy, for its deep insights into political psychology, and for its impassioned defense of liberty.

Tocqueville: The Ancien Régime and the French Revolution

Sour Grapes. Studies in the Subversion of Rationality. (1. Publ.)

Hélène Landemore

Thomas Pradeu

Jacques Dubucs

Philippe de Rouilhan

Max Kistler

Marion Vorms

Daniel Andler

Paul Egre

Michaël Esfeld

Élodie Giroux

Pascal Ludwig

Pour en présenter les développements récents, il couvre aussi bien les questions relevant de la philosophie générale de l’activité scientifique (qu’est-ce qu’une explication scientifique ? l’unité des sciences est-elle un mythe ou un idéal ?...) que celles portant sur l’épistémologie des sciences particulières (de quoi les mathématiques sont-elles l’étude ? l’économie est-elle une science empirique comme les autres ?...). Ce précis constitue, pour les étudiants de Licence 3 et de Master en philosophie et en sciences, un support d’approfondissement de leurs cours mais aussi de préparation aux épreuves d’épistémologie des CAPES scientifiques. Il sera également utile aux doctorants et aux chercheurs confirmés qui souhaitent élargir ou actualiser leur savoir dans ce domaine.

Précis de philosophie des sciences

Notions of justice and fairness are central to the American belief that the pursuit of a healthy and productive life is the right of all citizens. Yet in the real world there are seldom sufficient resources to meet the needs of everyone, and institutions are routinely forced to make difficult decisions regarding who will be favored and who will not. Local Justice in America is an insightful look into how selections are made in four critical areas: college admissions, kidney transplants, employee layoffs, and legalized immigration. This volume's case studies survey the history and modern rationale behind seemingly enigmatic allocation systems, chronicling the political and ethical debates, occasional scandals, and judicial battles that have shaped them. Though these selection processes differ significantly, each reflects a bitter struggle between opposing—and equally intense—principles of local justice. For example, are admissions officers who use special points to foster student diversity less fair than those who rely exclusively on scholastic achievement? How did the system of personal discretion among doctors selecting transplant patients come to be viewed by the public as more inequitable than compassionate? Does the use of seniority as a gauge in layoffs violate equal opportunity laws or provide employers with their only objective and neutral criterion? How have partisan interest groups repeatedly shifted immigration quotas between the extremes of xenophobia and altruism? In framing chapters, editor Jon Elster draws upon these studies to speculate on the unique nature of the American value system. Arguing that race matters deeply in all considerations of local justice, he discusses how our society's assessment of neediness balances on the often uneasy compromises between the desire to reward deserving individuals and the call to strengthen opportunities for disadvantaged groups. Well informed and stimulating, Local Justice in America speaks directly to policy debates in the fields of health, education, work, and immigration, and makes an important contribution to our understanding of the fundamental social issues that affect our daily welfare.

Local Justice in America

An original account, drawing on both history and social science, of the causes and consequences of the American Revolution With America before 1787, Jon Elster offers the second volume of a projected trilogy that examines the emergence of constitutional politics in France and America. Here, he explores the increasingly uneasy relations between Britain and its American colonies and the social movements through which the thirteen colonies overcame their seemingly deep internal antagonisms. Elster documents the importance of the radical uncertainty about their opponents that characterized both British and American elites and reveals the often neglected force of enthusiasm, and of emotions more generally, in shaping beliefs and in motivating actions. He provides the first detailed examinations of “divide and rule” as a strategy used on both sides of the Atlantic and of the rise and fall of collective action movements among the Americans. Elster also explains how the gradual undermining in America of the British imperial system took its toll on transatlantic relations and describes how state governments and the American Confederation made crucial institutional decisions that informed and constrained the making of the Constitution. Drawing on a wide range of historical sources and on theories of modern social science, Elster brings together two fields of scholarship in innovative and original ways. The result is a unique synthesis that yields new insights into some of the most important events in modern history.

The Unraveling of a Colonial Regime

America Before 1787

A substantially revised edition of Jon Elster's critically acclaimed book exploring the nature of social behavior and the social sciences.

Transitional Justice in Historical Perspective

Closing the Books

Technical change, defined as the manufacture and modification of tools, is generally thought to have played an important role in the evolution of intelligent life on earth, comparable to that of language. In this volume, first published in 1983, Jon Elster approaches the study of technical change from an epistemological perspective. He first sets out the main methods of scientific explanation and then applies those methods to some of the central theories of technical change. In particular, Elster considers neoclassical, evolutionary, and Marxist theories, whilst also devoting a chapter to Joseph Schumpeter's influential theory.

A Case Study in the Philosophy of Science

Explaining Technical Change

Este libro es una versión ampliada, revisada y autocrítica de Tuercas y tornillos: una introducción a los conceptos básicos de las ciencias sociales, obra con la que Jon Elster conquistó la aclamación de la crítica. En veintiséis sucintos capítulos, el autor describe la naturaleza de la explicación en las ciencias sociales; analiza los estados mentales –creencias, deseos y emociones– que son precursores de la acción; hace una comparación sistemática de los modelos de comportamiento basados en la elección racional con explicaciones alternativas; examina las posibles enseñanzas que las ciencias sociales pueden extraer de la neurociencia y la biología evolutiva, y revisa los mecanismos de la interacción social, desde el comportamiento estratégico hasta la toma colectiva de decisiones. Nos ofrece un panorama general de los mecanismos explicativos claves de las ciencias sociales, sobre la base de numerosos ejemplos y el recurso a una amplia variedad de fuentes: psicología, economía comportamental, biología, ciencias políticas, escritos históricos, filosofía y ficción. En un lenguaje accesible y liberado de toda jerga, Elster aspira a la exactitud y la claridad, a la vez que elude los modelos formales. En una provocativa conclusión, defiende el carácter central de la ciencia social cualitativa en una guerra de dos frentes contra las formas blandas (literarias) y duras (matemáticas) de oscurantismo.

Jon Elster

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