John Scott

James M. Cooper

Jorgen Aarhaug

The vehicle for hire (VFH) market – broadly comprising taxis, limousines, and app-based transport – has faced multiple and significant changes over the years, with the period since 2010 a time of major upheaval. This book documents the development of the market over time, examining its regulation and control structures, exploring its history, trends, and market theories, and discussing how these are both promoted and challenged by the changes affecting the sector. This book reviews recent developments in the VFH industry, from the influx of new market entrants and the emergence of app-based services to their widespread use, comparing international markets and their regulation, and draws on a series of case studies in key locations in North America, Europe, and Asia. It establishes and details economic, market, social, and political theory affecting the VFH industry and devotes its second half to the definition and emergence of transport typologies and markets in which the sector has a role (or potential role). The book concludes, from a neutral standpoint, on the balance between market participants, addressing the immediate future facing the industry, including the impacts of Covid and other external factors. It considers the short- and long-term effects of market change, the role played by regulators, and the market conditions imposed upon them. Written for industry practitioners – both suppliers and regulators – as well as the academic community, this book will inform the community and prompt further analysis of a significant and growing field in transportation.

Recurring Challenges

Taxi, Limousine, and Transport Network Company Regulation

James M Cooper

The vehicle for hire (VFH) market - broadly comprising taxis, limousines, and app-based transport - has faced multiple and significant changes over the years, with the period since 2010 a time of major upheaval. This book documents the development of the market over time, examining its regulation and control structures, exploring its history, trends and market theories, and discussing how these are both promoted and challenged by the changes affecting the sector. The book reviews recent developments in the VFH industry, from the influx of new market entrants and the emergence of app-based services to their widespread use, comparing international markets and their regulation, and draws on a series of case studies in key locations in North America, Europe and Asia. It establishes and details economic, market, social and political theory affecting the VFH industry, and devotes its second half to the definition and emergence of transport typologies and markets in which the sector has a role (or potential role). The book concludes, from a neutral standpoint, on the balance between market participants, addressing the immediate future facing the industry, including the impacts of Covid and other external factors. It considers the short- and long-term effects of market change, the role played by regulators and the market conditions imposed upon them. Written for industry practitioners - both suppliers and regulators - as well as the academic community, this book will inform the community and prompt further analysis of a significant and growing field in transportation.

Jorgen Aarhaug

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