Joseba Gabilondo

Artikulu bilduma honetan, Joseba Gabilondok XX. mendeko euskal literaturaren historizazio berri eta sintetikoa ematen digu. 1898-1992 arteko euskal literaturak helburu nagusi bat du: alegoria nazionala euskaraz idaztea, alegia, euskal nazioa errepresentatzea. Alegoria nazionalak bere buruketa Bernardo Atxagaren Obabakoak-en ezagutzen du (1988) eta, horregatik, aldi honetako euskal literatura, zentzu estriktoan, nazionalista da. 1992tik aurrerako literaturak helburu nazionalista alde batera uzten du eta, normalizazio politikoak eta merkatu globalizatuak urratzen duten eremu berrian kokatzen delako, gizabanakoaren ni-a errepresentatzeari atxikitzen zaio. Horregatik, 1992 osteko literatura hau postnazionala dukegu askotan aldi nazionalistarekiko nostalgiaz idazten bada ere.

euskal literatura garaikidearen historia postnazional baterako hastapenak

Nazioaren hondarrak

Joseba Zulaika

Begoña Aretxaga

Dennis Dworkin

"Contributors to this volume explore crucial issues regarding the articulation of politics at the beginning of the new millennium. What does sovereignty in the state mean in the contemporary world of neoliberal capitalism?" "The events of 9/11 have added dramatic urgency to these issues. Some of the contributors to this volume discuss questions associated with this new international context. But ultimately the volume's goal is to stimulate productive ways of thinking simultaneously about the dynamics articulating the concrete situation of identity politics or violence and the global rhetoric of international terrorism that has come to dominate the political discourse." --Book Jacket.

Nationalism/postnationalism in the New Millennium

Empire & Terror

Before Babel: A History of Basque Literatures is the first book written originally in English and directed towards a global audience. It is also a new departure from traditional literary histories, as it is not a philological tedious classification of centuries, authors, genres, and books published in Basque. This book addresses the historical conflict and violence that define Basque history and culture, and so it defines Basque literary history as that of at least two literatures: one expressed by Basque subaltern (oppressed) classes in their language, euskara, which mainly constitutes an oral tradition, and the other written by Basque elites in Spanish, Latin, French, etc. The book emphasizes that this double literature remains at the core of the Basque Country’s history and culture to our days. Even today Basque literature in euskara (Basque language) plays a symbolic role: to represent a Basque Country where the majority speaks and writes in other state languages. Euskara, used by a minority, remains subordinate. In this respect, this book is a departure from previous Basque literary histories; it redefines Spanish and French literatures, advances a new theory of what a minority literature is, and pays attention to texts, disciplines, and practices that traditional histories neglect: political discourse, anthropology, tourism, economics. This history also represents a review of most literary historical discourses (new historicism, postcolonial theory, multiculturalism, subaltern studies) and presents a new methodological and theoretical proposal. Finally, this history allows to revisit under a new light political and historical movements such as nationalism, feminism, modernity, and globalization. As a result, different authors such as Sabino Arana, Judah Halevi, Maddalen Lujambio, Axular, Hugo, Unamuno, Itxaro Borda or Oteiza are brought together.

Joseba Gabilondo

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