Thomas Hardy

Katherine Hill-Miller

When Tess Durbeyfield is driven by family poverty to claim kinship with the wealthy D'Urbervilles and seek a portion of their family fortune, meeting her 'cousin' Alec proves to be her downfall. A very different man, Angel Clare, seems to offer her love and salvation, but Tess must choose whether to reveal her past or remain silent in the hope of a peaceful future.

A Pure Woman

Tess of the D'Urbervilles

A practical guide book to the armchair literary tourism traveler of many of the locations used by Virigina Woolf in her works

A Guide to Virginia Woolf's Literary Landscapes

From the Lighthouse to Monk's House

"My Hideous Progeny" : Mary Shelley, William Godwin, and the Father-Daughter Relationship is a study of the influence of William Godwin on his daughter, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. "My Hideous Progeny" explores Godwin's unsettling psychological legacy - and his generous intellectual gifts - to his daughter. The relationship between Mary Shelley and her father illustrates a typical pattern of female development and a typical course of father-daughter relationships over a lifetime. Mary Shelley's response to her father's influence is unforgettably portrayed in the figure of the father in the pages of her novels. William Godwin, a radical political philosopher and novelist, brought up the daughter he had with his lover Mary Wollstonecraft to be a thinker and writer. Unusual for the times, he trained her in literature, history, and the powers of the rational mind. Yet as Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin grew into womanhood, her once supportive father rejected her. He distanced himself from her physically and emotionally during her adolescence, perhaps because of the incestuous feelings her developing womanhood called up. After Mary Godwin eloped to France at age sixteen with the married, atheistic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, Godwin refused to speak with his daughter for almost two years. After Percy Shelley's death by drowning, Godwin changed once again: he relied on Mary Shelley heavily for emotional comfort and sustenance, and made it clear he wanted her continued financial support. Mary Shelley and her father maintained an intimate, troubled relationship until the day he died. William Godwin's influence on Mary Shelley pervades her novels, especially in the figure of the father. Her first two novels, Frankenstein and Mathilda, are both energized by the question of father-daughter incest. In Frankenstein, the spurned, abandoned monster can be viewed as a figure for a child made loathsome by the father's incestuous desire. Mary Shelley uses Frankenstein to chart the way a daughter can vent her rage on the figure of the father and eventually gain control over him. Mathilda focuses more directly than Frankenstein on the question of father-daughter incest; it is remarkable for its vivid portrayal of the ambivalent emotions of incest victims. Mary Shelley's last two novels, Lodore and Falkner, treat the problematic nature of the father-daughter relationship with equal skill. Lodore shows the crippling effects of a father's "sexual education" on his daughter - as well as the enabling power for a daughter when her father educates her instead in reason and the abstract powers of the mind. Falkner is the drama of a father figure and daughter locked in a relationship of passionate mutual devotion. Mary Shelley's final novel is a portrait of sexual conflict in which Rupert Falkner is tragically responsible for Elizabeth Raby's suffering - just as Elizabeth punishes and undermines her adopted father.

Katherine Hill-Miller

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