Paul Griffiths

Kim Sterelny

Paul E. Griffiths

In this introduction to philosophy of biology, Kim Sterelny and Paul E. Griffiths present both the science and the philosophical context necessary for a critical understanding of the debates shaping biology at the end of the 20th century.

An Introduction to Philosophy of Biology

Sex and Death

"No human now gathers for himself or herself the essential resources for life: food, shelter, clothing, and the like. Humans are obligate co-operator, and this has been true for tens of thousands of years; probably much longer. In this regard, humans are very unusual. Cooperation outside the family is rare: though it can be very profitable, it is also very risky, as cooperation makes an agent vulnerable to incompetence and cheating. This book presents a new picture of the emergence of cooperation in our lineage, developing through four fairly distinct phases from a baseline that was probably fairly similar to living great apes, who cooperate, but in fairly minimal ways. As adults, they rarely depend on others when the outcome really matters. This book suggests that cooperation began to be more important for humans through an initial phase of cooperative foraging generating immediate returns from collective action in small mobile bands. This established in our lineage about 1.8 million years ago, perhaps earlier. Over the rest of the Pleistocene, cooperation became more extended in its social scale, with forms of cooperation between bands gradually establishing, and in spatial and temporal scale too, with various forms of reciprocation becoming important. The final phase was the emergence of cooperation in large scale, hierarchical societies in the Holocene, beginning about 12,000 years ago. This picture is nested in a reading of the archaeological and ethnographic record, and twinned to an account of the gradual elaboration of cultural learning in our lineage, making cooperation both more profitable and more stable"--

Culture and Cooperation in Human Evolution

The Pleistocene Social Contract

Ronald Planer

"An original argument to explain the "language gap" between humans and other primates, drawing on research from evolutionary biology, paleobiology, and archaeology"--

The Evolution of Language

From Signal to Symbol

James Maclaurin

In the life sciences, there is wide-ranging debate about biodiversity. While nearly everyone is in favor of biodiversity and its conservation, methods for its assessment vary enormously. So what exactly is biodiversity? Most theoretical work on the subject assumes it has something to do with species richness—with the number of species in a particular region—but in reality, it is much more than that. Arguing that we cannot make rational decisions about what it is to be protected without knowing what biodiversity is, James Maclaurin and Kim Sterelny offer in What Is Biodiversity? a theoretical and conceptual exploration of the biological world and how diversity is valued. Here, Maclaurin and Sterelny explore not only the origins of the concept of biodiversity, but also how that concept has been shaped by ecology and more recently by conservation biology. They explain the different types of biodiversity important in evolutionary theory, developmental biology, ecology, morphology and taxonomy and conclude that biological heritage is rich in not just one biodiversity but many. Maclaurin and Sterelny also explore the case for the conservation of these biodiversities using option value theory, a tool borrowed from economics. An erudite, provocative, timely, and creative attempt to answer a fundamental question, What Is Biodiversity? will become a foundational text in the life sciences and studies thereof.

What Is Biodiversity?

Richard Joyce

Ben Fraser

Brett Calcott

Essays from a range of disciplinary perspectives show the central role that cooperation plays in structuring our world. This collection reports on the latest research on an increasingly pivotal issue for evolutionary biology: cooperation. The chapters are written from a variety of disciplinary perspectives and utilize research tools that range from empirical survey to conceptual modeling, reflecting the rich diversity of work in the field. They explore a wide taxonomic range, concentrating on bacteria, social insects, and, especially, humans. Part I ("Agents and Environments") investigates the connections of social cooperation in social organizations to the conditions that make cooperation profitable and stable, focusing on the interactions of agent, population, and environment. Part II ("Agents and Mechanisms") focuses on how proximate mechanisms emerge and operate in the evolutionary process and how they shape evolutionary trajectories. Throughout the book, certain themes emerge that demonstrate the ubiquity of questions regarding cooperation in evolutionary biology: the generation and division of the profits of cooperation; transitions in individuality; levels of selection, from gene to organism; and the "human cooperation explosion" that makes our own social behavior particularly puzzling from an evolutionary perspective.

Cooperation and Its Evolution

WINNER OF THE 2004 LAKATOS AWARD! Thought in a Hostile World is an exploration of the evolution of cognition, especially human cognition, by one of today's foremost philosophers of biology and of mind. Featuresan exploration of the evolution of human cognition. Written by one of today’s foremost philosophers of mind and language. Presents a set of analytic tools for thinking about cognition and its evolution. Offers a critique of nativist, modular versions of evolutionary psychology, rejecting the example of language as a model for thinking about human cognitive capacities. Applies to the areas of cognitive science, philosophy of mind, and evolutionary psychology.

The Evolution of Human Cognition

Thought in a Hostile World

Richard Dawkins contra Stephen Jay Gould

Drawing on recent advances in evolutionary biology, prominent scholars return to the question posed in a pathbreaking book: how evolution itself evolved. In 1995, John Maynard Smith and Eörs Szathmáry published their influential book The Major Transitions in Evolution. The "transitions" that Maynard Smith and Szathmáry chose to describe all constituted major changes in the kinds of organisms that existed but, most important, these events also transformed the evolutionary process itself. The evolution of new levels of biological organization, such as chromosomes, cells, multicelled organisms, and complex social groups radically changed the kinds of individuals natural selection could act upon. Many of these events also produced revolutionary changes in the process of inheritance, by expanding the range and fidelity of transmission, establishing new inheritance channels, and developing more open-ended sources of variation. Maynard Smith and Szathmáry had planned a major revision of their work, but the death of Maynard Smith in 2004 prevented this. In this volume, prominent scholars (including Szathmáry himself) reconsider and extend the earlier book's themes in light of recent developments in evolutionary biology. The contributors discuss different frameworks for understanding macroevolution, prokaryote evolution (the study of which has been aided by developments in molecular biology), and the complex evolution of multicellularity.

The Major Transitions in Evolution Revisited

'Slim and readable... the aficionado of evolutionary theory and the intense debate it engenders would do well to read Dawkins vs. Gould.' Nature, on the first edition

Survival of the Fittest

Dawkins Vs. Gould

Dawkins y Gould. Oxford y Harvard. Un zoólogo y un paleontólogo. Un liberal y un socialista. Un inglés y un estadounidense. Una gran batalla intelectual. Dos visiones contrapuestas acerca de la verdadera naturaleza de la evolución. La historia de la ciencia está repleta de rivalidades y conflictos: Newton discutió con Leibniz sobre la naturaleza del espacio, Edison y Tesla fueron protagonistas de la famosa "guerra de las corrientes", Einstein rebatió públicamente la teoría cuántica de Bohr..., y en el campo de la biología, la disputa entre Dawkins y Gould es célebre debido a su intensidad, su duración (más de dos décadas) y su relevancia científica. Richard Dawkins, autor de El gen egoísta y El relojero ciego, concibe la evolución como una lucha entre linajes genéticos. Stephen Jay Gould, que escribió La vida maravillosa y La falsa medida del hombre, la ve como una lucha entre organismos. Para Dawkins, los principios de la biología evolutiva se aplican igual a los humanos que a los demás seres vivos; para Gould, la sociobiología es incorrecta y peligrosa. Dawkins ha sido descrito muchas veces como un reduccionista enloquecido, capaz de reducir la variedad y complejidad de la vida a la lucha por la existencia entre genes ciegos y egoístas. En cambio, Gould ha sido utilizado —erróneamente— por los creacionistas para rechazar los principios fundamentales del darwinismo. En este libro, Kim Sterelny nos guía a través de las principales diferencias entre las concepciones de la evolución y la ciencia de Dawkins y Gould y nos ofrece una nueva oportunidad de redescubrir el universo de la biología evolutiva.

Michael Devitt

What is language? How does it relate to the world? How does it relate to the mind? Should our view of language influence our view of the world? These are among the central issues covered in this spirited and unusually clear introduction to the philosophy of language. Making no pretense of neutrality, Michael Devitt and Kim Sterelny take a definite theoretical stance. Central to that stance is naturalism--that is, they treat a philosophical theory of language as an empirical theory like any other and see people as nothing but complex parts of the physical world. This leads them, controversially, to a deflationary view of the significance of the study of language: they dismiss the idea that the philosophy of language should be preeminent in philosophy. This highly successful textbook has been extensively rewritten for the second edition to reflect recent developments in the field.

An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language

Language and Reality

8.4 The Holocene: A World Queerer Than We Realized? -- Notes -- References -- Index

Kim Sterelny

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