Klaus F. Zimmermann

René Fahr

Holger Bonin

Holger Hinte

This book examines the history of German immigration policy. It analyzes the country's future demand for immigration. Coverage develops an economic model for the effective selection and integration of labor migrants that could provide the foundation for a joint European immigration strategy.

The German Experience and Lessons for Europe

Immigration Policy and the Labor Market

Die Zuwanderungspolitik der letzten Jahrzehnte ist eine Politik des gebremsten Erfolges. Immer weniger Migranten stehen dem Arbeitsmarkt aktiv zur Verfügung. Falsche Arbeitsmarktanreize spielen dabei eine wichtige Rolle. Eine kritische Bilanz von Erfolgen und Misserfolgen der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Zuwanderern ist notwendig, um Kurskorrekturen vornehmen zu können. Praktisches Handeln erfordert Kenntnisse über Wirkungsbedingungen politischer Maßnahmen. Diese Kenntnisse vermittelt das vorliegende Buch in Form eines Vergleichs der ökonomischen Integration von Migranten in Dänemark und Deutschland. Auf Basis eigener Datenerhebungen werden das Bildungs- und Ausbildungsverhalten, wichtige Beschäftigungstrends und die Selbständigkeit von Zuwanderern sowie die Auswirkungen der sozialen Sicherungssysteme auf die Arbeitsmarktpartizipation untersucht. Darüber hinaus unterzieht der Band das neue deutsche Zuwanderungsgesetz einer kritischen Würdigung.

Deutschland und Dänemark im Vergleich

Zuwanderung und Arbeitsmarkt

Solomon W. Polachek

Konstantinos Tatsiramos

This volume contains new and innovative research articles on issues related to gender convergence in the labor market. Topics include patterns in lifetime work, earnings and human capital investment, the gender wage gap, gender complementarities, career progression, the gender composition of top management and the role of parental leave policies.

Gender Convergence in the Labor Market

Why in 2015 are there still large gender differences in economic success? This volume consists of a set of state of the art research articles to answer this question. Focus areas include educational attainment, financial risk management, bargaining power, social mobility, and intergenerational transfers in the US and abroad.

Gender in the Labor Market

Werner Eichhorst

Costanza Biavaschi

Youth Unemployment and Vocation Training focuses on the creation of good jobs for the young. The first part reviews the main factors influencing youth unemployment and the transition into the work force. The second section provides an overview of young people's situations in major world regions, with a particular emphasis on the role of training systems and complementary active labor market policies. The book concludes by reviewing the most pressing policy challenges in different world regions and providing policy recommendations.

Youth Unemployment and Vocational Training

Thomas K. Bauer

The Economics of Migration: The migration decision and immigration policy

Martin Kahanec

This highly accessible book illustrates how policy makers can address and nurture the effects of growing ethnic diversity in European labor markets. The contributors present an unprecedented large-scale study on ethnic diversity in European labor markets via a combination of hard data analysis with expert evaluation of integration practices and policy options. Key questions explored include: Does ethnic diversity in European labor markets lead to poor socio-economic outcomes for some ethnic groups in the face of fierce competition for jobs and welfare? Can labor immigration and improved integration of all ethnic groups provide a solution to the challenges posed by a shrinking population, an aging workforce, skill shortages and other bottlenecks that constrain the innovative potential of the EU? What can policy makers do to nurture and encourage the benefits of ethnic diversity in the EU?

Challenges and Solutions

Ethnic Diversity in European Labor Markets

Developed countries, especially in Europe, face a number of issue related to migration: social and economic disruptions caused by the declining demand for unskilled labour and resulting unemployment, a shortage of skilled labour in many professions, increasing international competition for highly qualified human capital, radical demographic changes, and the forthcoming expansion of the European Union, which will trigger further immigration into major European countries and create new market opportunities in Central and Eastern Europe. This suggests a need for a deeper knowledge of the causes and consequences of increased labour mobility. This is especially important when it is associated with tension and fears among native populations. This book brings together analyses of migration issues in major European countries, and compares evidence with more countries that have traditionally seen the most immigration. First, it studies migration streams since World War II, and reviews major migration policy regimes. Second, it summarizes the empirical evidence measuring wages, unemployment, and occupational choices. Third, it investigates how migrants affects the labour markets of their host countries, and evaluates econometric studies into the wage and employment consequences of immigration. Surprisingly, there is wide evidence that immigration is largely beneficial for receiving countries. There might be phases of adjustment, but there is no convincing evidence that natives' wages are depressed or unemployment increases as a consequence of migrant inflow. However, there is a growing impression that migration does serve less and less the needs of the labour market. This suggests a stronger focus on economic channels of immigration, for which the book provides a conceptual basis and the required empirical facts and institutional background.

What Do We Know?

European Migration

Amelie Constant

In the globalized economy, labor migration has become of central importance. A key issue in the analysis of immigration is how the migrants fare in the economy in which they migrate, and how they assimilate towards the behavior of the natives. Using data from the United States, Canada, many European countries, Australia and New Zealand, the chapters study the developments of earnings, employment, unemployment, self-employment, occupational choices and educational attainment after migration. The book also investigates the role of language in labor market integration and examines the situation of illegal, legalized and unwilling migrants. Policy effects are also studied: Among those are the effects of selection criteria of labor market success and the effects immigrants have on the public sector budget of the receiving country. Hence, the book provides a broad picture of the performance of migrants.

How Labor Migrants Fare

Regina T. Riphahn

Dennis J. Snower

A historically unique experiment is about to enter its second decade - German unification. Early hopes for a rapid and smooth economic transformation soon turned out to be overly optimistic. Despite massive financial transfers, the political promise of a "blooming landscape" remains a vision. Actual developments have left deep scars on the labor market, and the effects will be felt for decades to come. Was this outcome to be expected, perhaps even inevitable? What went wrong, and what were the available options? Or is the current state of Eastern German labor market in fact better than is commonly assumed?

The Lessons of German Integration for the Labor Market

Employment Policy in Transition

Torben Tranæs

The aim of this book is to uncover non-Western immigrantsâ?? integration and living conditions in Denmark and Germany comparatively. The results are presented by leading labor market and integration researchers as a joint Danish-German research project. The main emphasis is on integration into the labor market. However, a number of other circumstances are also detailed in the exposition. The authors analyze the demographic trends, educational factors, and immigrantsâ?? use of the social benefits in Denmark and Germany, all from a comparative perspective. The issue of crime and the effects of immigration on salaries and employment for the host population are also analyzed and discussed. Finally, the book considers the question of the financial sustainability of the welfare state. What impact does immigration have on the public purse, in both the first and subsequent generations?

Migrants, Work, and the Welfare State

Amelie F. Constant

How immigrants and their descendents fare in the host society and in particular in the labor market is a very important question. This work helps to understand the complex relationship between ethnic or minority groups, the role of ethnic identity and their disparate economic performance.

Ethnicity and Labor Market Outcomes

Horst Kräger

New theories of international trade suggest that pro- tectionism can make sense. This finding depends on the in- troduction of market power and increasing returns to scale into the international trade theory. The enormous political implications of this hypothesis have started a large interest in applied or empirical investigations of this issue. However, econometric work in international trade is comparatively scarce, especially if it comes to testing with individual data. Therefore, this volume is considered to be a contribution to fill that gap. The volume consists of three parts: First, issues in strategic trade are discussed by means of a survey on recent contributions of the literatureand by a simulation excercise on optimal trade policy for imperfectly competitive industries. Second, a part investigating the determinants of trade flows studies the interrelationships between trade balances and exchange rates, plant size and international trade, and the revelance offirm size and market concentration for the degree of export market integration using business survey firm data. Third, there are studies on imperfect markets, innovations and learning which demonstrate the importanceof imperfect competition for international economics. All contributions provide empirical evidence for the revelance of the newly developed trade theories and demonstrate useful quantitative techniques for their investigation.

Klaus F. Zimmermann

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