Lin Foxhall

Katharina Rebay-Salisbury

Ann Brysbaert

This edited volume investigates knowledge networks based on materials and associated technologies in Prehistoric Europe and the Classical Mediterranean. It emphasises the significance of material objects to the construction, maintenance, and collapse of networks of various forms – which are central to explanations of cultural contact and change. Focusing on the materiality of objects and on the way in which materials are used adds a multidimensional quality to networks. The properties, functions, and styles of different materials are intrinsically linked to the way in which knowledge flows and technologies are transmitted. Transmission of technologies from one craft to another is one of the main drivers of innovation, whilst sharing knowledge is enabled and limited by the extent of associated social networks in place. Archaeological research has often been limited to studying objects made of one particular material in depth, be it lithic materials, ceramics, textiles, glass, metal, wood or others. The knowledge flow and transfer between crafts that deal with different materials have often been overlooked. This book takes a fresh approach to the reconstruction of knowledge networks by integrating two or more craft traditions in each of its chapters. The authors, well-known experts and early career researchers, provide concise case studies that cover a wide range of materials. The scope of the book extends from networks of craft traditions to implications for society in a wider sense: materials, objects, and the technologies used to make and distribute them are interwoven with social meaning. People make objects, but objects make people – the materiality of objects shapes our understanding of the world and our place within it. In this book, objects are treated as clues to social networks of different sorts that can be contrasted and compared, both spatially and diachronically.

Material Crossovers

Knowledge Networks and Craft Traditions in the Ancient World

J. B. Salmon

Thinking Men explores artistic and intellectual expression in the classical world as the self representation of man. It starts from the premise that the history of classical antiquity as the ancients tell it is a history of men. However, the focus of this volume is the creation, re-creation and iteration of that male self as presented in language, poetry, drama, philosophical and scientific thought and art: man constructing himself as subject in classical antiquity and beyond. This beautifully illustrated volume, which contains a preface by Nathalie Kampen, provides a thought-provoking and stimulating insight into the representations of men in Classical culture.

Masculinity and Its Self-representation in the Classical Tradition

Thinking Men

A. D. E. Lewis

This volume explores the ways in which law integrated with other aspects of life in ancient Greece. The papers collected here reveal a number of different pathways between law and political, social, and economic life in Greek societies. Emanating from several scholarly traditions, they offer a range of contrasting but complementary insights rarely collected together. What emerges clearly is that law in Greece only takes on its full meaning in a broadly political context. Dynamic tensions govern the relationships between this semi-autonomous legal arena and other spheres of life. An ideology of equality before the law was juxtaposed with a practical reality of individuals' unequal abilities to cope with it. It is hard to draw firm lines between the settlement of cases in court and the spill-over of legal actions into the agora, the streets, the fields, and the houses. Hence it is hardly surprising if justice can all too easily give way to justification.

Justifications Not Justice

Greek Law in Its Political Setting

John Salmon

When Men Were Men questions the deep-set assumption that men's history speaks and has always spoken for all of us, by exploring the history of classical antiquity as an explicitly masculine story. With a preface by Sarah Pomeroy, this study employs different methodologies and focuses on a broad range of source materials, periods and places.

Masculinity, Power and Identity in Classical Antiquity

When Men Were Men

Lin Foxhall explores the cultivation of the olive as an extended case study for understanding ancient Greek agriculture in its landscape, economic, social, and political settings. Evidence from written sources, archaeology, and visual images is assembled to focus on what was special about the cultivation and processing of the olive in classical and archaic Greece, and how and why these practices differed from Roman ones. This investigation opens up new ways of thinking about the economies of the archaic and classical Greek world.

Seeking the Ancient Economy

Olive Cultivation in Ancient Greece

This book investigates how varying practices of gender shaped people's lives and experiences across the societies of ancient Greece and Rome. Exploring how gender was linked with other socio-political characteristics such as wealth, status, age and life-stage, as well as with individual choices, in the very different world of classical antiquity is fascinating in its own right. But later perceptions of ancient literature and art have profoundly influenced the development of gendered ideologies and hierarchies in the West, and influenced the study of gender itself. Questioning how best to untangle and interpret difficult sources is a key aim. This book exploits a wide range of archaeological, material cultural, visual, spatial, demographic, epigraphical and literary evidence to consider households, families, life-cycles and the engendering of time, legal and political institutions, beliefs about bodies, sex and sexuality, gender and space, the economic implications of engendered practices, and gender in religion and magic.

Studying Gender in Classical Antiquity

Over the past decade network theory and methodologies have become central to exploring and explaining social, economic and political relationships and connections in past societies. However, as van Oyen (2017) has pointed out the use of networks has often been more descriptive than analytical, and methodologies have often depended upon underlying assumptions which inevitably simplify complex relationships of many kinds, and which may or may not be solidly supported by our generally fragmentary and heterogenous data and evidence. In ancient societies, we must infer the movement of knowledge of ‘how to make things’ largely from the objects themselves because we usually lack direct evidence of the human relationships which might have connected people to objects and their makers. The chapters in this volume aim to interrogate the interpretative potential of network concepts for understanding the movement over time and space of ideas about how to make things through a range of archaeological case studies which reveal both functional and dysfunctional relationships. The purpose is to consider how more broadly contextualized and multi-faceted studies can both enhance, and be enhanced by, network and related approaches. While there is much work on the use of formal, less formal and informal network theory, methodologies, including agent-based modelling, with the exception of Astrid van Oyen’s work, far less thought has been devoted to the complexity of understanding the wider contexts and the full range of diverse factors which shaped the relationships which constitute networks. The volume will make a significant contribution to understanding the movement and transmission of knowledge (or in some cases their absence), and to debates about how best to expand the utility of network concepts and approaches. This volume originated from an interdisciplinary Leverhulme Research Programme, ‘Tracing Networks: craft traditions in the ancient Mediterranean and beyond’. This volume consists of a coherent selection of the archaeological papers which focus specifically on the interrogation of network concepts for understanding and interpreting the ancient past.

Investigating Networks of Knowledge in Antiquity

Interrogating Networks

The Grey Friars Research Team

Maev Kennedy

The dramatic story of Richard III, England′s last medieval king, captured the world′s attention when an archaeological team led by the University of Leicester identified his remains in February 2013. Bones of a King presents the official behind–the–scenes story of the Grey Friars dig based on the research of the specialists directly involved in the discovery. A behind–the–scenes look at one of the most exciting historical discoveries of our time Features numerous photographs of the dig as well as the king′s remains Explains the scientific evidence behind his identification, including DNA retrieval and sequencing, soil samples, his wounds and his scoliosis, and what they reveal about his life, his health and even the food he ate Builds an expansive view of Richard′s life, death and burial, as well as accounts of the treatment of his body prior to burial, and his legacy in the public imagination from the time of his death to the present The most extensive and authoritative book written for non–specialists by the team who discovered Richard III

Richard III Rediscovered

The Bones of a King

Paul Cartledge

Edward E. Cohen

A G Leventis Senior Research Fellow Clare College A G Leventis Professor of Greek Culture Emeritus Paul Cartledge

The cultural wealth of the classical Greek world was matched by its material wealth, and there is abundant textual and archaeological evidence for both. However, radically different theoretical and methodological approaches have been used to interpret this evidence, and conflicts continue to rage as these different starting points produce clashing views on the significance and distribution of money, labour and land. Money, Labour and Land reflects the current explosion in ideas and research by assembling case-studies from an international selection of renowned US, British and European scholars. Drawing on comparative historical and anthropological approaches, sociological, economic and cultural theory, and developments in epigraphy, legal history, numismatics and spatial archaeology, this volume will be of interest to all students and scholars of ancient economies.

Lin Foxhall

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