Lucio Russo

Silvio (translator) Levy

How Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why it Had to Be Reborn

The Forgotten Revolution

The period from the late fourth to the late second century B. C. witnessed, in Greek-speaking countries, an explosion of objective knowledge about the external world. WhileGreek culture had reached great heights in art, literature and philosophyalreadyin the earlier classical era, it is in the so-called Hellenistic period that we see for the ?rst time — anywhere in the world — the appearance of science as we understand it now: not an accumulation of facts or philosophically based speculations, but an or- nized effort to model nature and apply such models, or scienti?ctheories in a sense we will make precise, to the solution of practical problems and to a growing understanding of nature. We owe this new approach to scientists such as Archimedes, Euclid, Eratosthenes and many others less familiar todaybut no less remarkable. Yet, not long after this golden period, much of this extraordinary dev- opment had been reversed. Rome borrowed what it was capable of from the Greeks and kept it for a little while yet, but created very little science of its own. Europe was soon smothered in theobscurantism and stasis that blocked most avenues of intellectual development for a thousand years — until, as is well known, the rediscovery of ancient culture in its fullness paved the way to the modern age.

il pensiero scientifico greco e la scienza moderna

La rivoluzione dimenticata

Un saggio sulla scienza, sui suoi fondamenti, sul suo posto nella storia dell'umanità. Un libro radicato nella razionalità occidentale, e una ricostruzione storica che individua l'aspetto essenziale del pensiero scientifico nella funzione di guida svolta per secoli, e non ancora esaurita, della civiltà classica.

Das Zeitalter von Archimedes und Euklid (3. Jahrhundert v. Chr.), war die Geburtsstunde der Wissenschaften wie wir sie kennen. Damals entstanden hoch entwickelte Technologien, auf die man sich erst im 18. Jahrhundert wieder besinnen sollte. Gleichzeitig mit dieser wissenschaftlichen Revolution fanden auch auf vielen anderen Gebieten, wie den Künsten oder der Medizin, grundlegende Veränderungen statt. Was waren die Grundpfeiler dieser immensen kulturellen Verschiebung? Warum wissen wir heute so wenig darüber? In welcher Beziehung stehen sie zur uns vertrauten Entwicklung der Wissenschaften seit dem 15. Jahrhundert? Was führte zum Ende antiker Wissenschaften? Das sind die Fragen, die in diesem Buch gestellt werden. Ihre Antworten sind von entscheidender Bedeutung auch für Herausforderungen, vor denen wir heute stehen.

Lucio Russo

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