Lynne Viola

Between the summer of 1937 and November 1938, the Stalinist regime arrested over 1.5 million people for "counterrevolutionary" and "anti-Soviet" activity and either summarily executed or exiled them to the Gulag. While we now know a great deal about the experience of victims of the Great Terror, we know almost nothing about the lower- and middle-level Narodnyi Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del (NKVD), or secret police, cadres who carried out Stalin's murderous policies. Unlike the postwar, public trials of Nazi war criminals, NKVD operatives were tried secretly. And what exactly happened in those courtrooms was unknown until now. In what has been dubbed "the purge of the purgers," almost one thousand NKVD officers were prosecuted by Soviet military courts. Scapegoated for violating Soviet law, they were charged with multiple counts of fabrication of evidence, falsification of interrogation protocols, use of torture to secure "confessions," and murder during pre-trial detention of "suspects" - and many were sentenced to execution themselves. The documentation generated by these trials, including verbatim interrogation records and written confessions signed by perpetrators; testimony by victims, witnesses, and experts; and transcripts of court sessions, provides a glimpse behind the curtains of the terror. It depicts how the terror was implemented, what happened, and who was responsible, demonstrating that orders from above worked in conjunction with a series of situational factors to shape the contours of state violence. Based on chilling and revelatory new archival documents from the Ukrainian secret police archives, Stalinist Perpetrators on Trial illuminates the darkest recesses of Soviet repression -- the interrogation room, the prison cell, and the place of execution -- and sheds new light on those who carried out the Great Terror.

Scenes from the Great Terror in Soviet Ukraine

Stalinist Perpetrators on Trial

In this pathbreaking study, Lynne Viola produces a monumental history of the vast peasant rebellion against collectivization. Peasant Rebels Under Stalin retrieves a lost chapter from the history of Stalin's Russia. This chapter is of immense significance because the peasant revolt against collectivization was the most violent and sustained resistance to the Soviet state after the Russian Civil War. This book presents the history of a peasantry on the brink of destruction. It is a study in peasant culture, politics, and community seen through the prism of resistance. Based on newly declassified Soviet archives, including secret police reports, Peasant Rebels Under Stalin documents the manifestation in Stalin's Russia of universal strategies of peasant resistance in what amounted to a virtual civil war between state and peasantry.

Collectivization and the Culture of Peasant Resistance

Peasant Rebels Under Stalin

One of Stalin's most heinous acts was the ruthless repression of millions of peasants in the early 1930s, an act that established the very foundations of the gulag. Now, with the opening of Soviet archives, an entirely new dimension of Stalin's brutality has been uncovered.

The Lost World of Stalin's Special Settlements

The Unknown Gulag

Sheila Fitzpatrick

Soviet and western history researchers present 16 essays on accessing and using a wide variety of sources pertaining to the Stalin era. Topics include archives, annual reports of industries, laws, legal journals, city directories, newspapers and journals, memoirs, and military sources. Appended to particular essays and to the volume as a whole are catalogues of specific documents and publications. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

A Researcher's Guide to Sources on Soviet Social History in the 1930s

Based on archival material on the collectivization of agriculture in the 1930s, this book investigates the effects of Stalin's recruitment of industrial workers into the agricultural sector.

Workers in the Vanguard of Soviet Collectivization

The Best Sons of the Fatherland

Denis Kozlov

V. P. Danilov

N. A. Ivnitskii

The collectivization of Soviet agriculture in the late 1920s and 1930s forever altered the country’s social and economic landscape. It became the first of a series of bloody landmarks that would come to define Stalinism. This revelatory book presents—with analysis and commentary—the most important primary Soviet documents dealing with the brutal economic and cultural subjugation of the Russian peasantry. Drawn from previously unavailable and in many cases unknown archives, these harrowing documents provide the first unimpeded view of the experience of the peasantry during the years 1927-1930.The book, the first of four in the series, covers the background of collectivization, its violent implementation, and the mass peasant revolt that ensued. For its insights into the horrific fate of the Russian peasantry and into Stalin’s dictatorship, The War Against the Peasantry takes its place an as unparalleled resource.

The Tragedy of the Soviet Countryside

The War Against the Peasantry, 1927-1930

In this ground-breaking study Lynne Viola--the first Western scholar to gain access to the Soviet state archives on collectivization--brilliantly examines a lost chapter in the history of the Stalin revolution. Looking in detail at the backgrounds, motivations, and mentalities of the 25,000ers, Viola embarks on the first Western investigation of the everyday activities of Stalin's rank-and-file shock troops, the "leading cadres" of socialist construction. In the process, Viola sheds new light on how the state mobilized working-class support for collectivization and reveals that, contrary to popular belief, the 25,000ers went into the countryside as willing recruits. This unique social history uses an "on the scene" line of vision to offer a new understanding of the workings, times, and cadres of Stalin's revolution.

Lynne Viola

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