Maarten Gehem

Sijbren de Jong

Frank Bekkers

Marjolein de Ridder

Willem Auping

Supply and demand of resources are connected in multiple and complex ways. This interconnectivity has been framed as the global resource nexus. This study focuses on the nexus of five essential natural resources: land, food, energy, water, and minerals. In order to meet the demand for resources from present and future generations, strategic thinking about interdependencies between the supply of and demand for resources is paramount. This report provides insight into the complex interaction between resource supply and demand, global megatrends such as economic growth, climate change, urbanization and demographics, and broader nexus variables such as human resources, technology, governance, social and political factors and instability. Comprising case studies on soy from Brazil, cocoa from Côte d’Ivoire and palm oil from Malaysia, the report illustrates how the nexus dynamics create various risks to the sustainable security of supply of agricultural commodities that are of high importance to the Dutch agri-food sector. The results of this research can be used to strengthen existing initiatives for sustainable supply chain management, and to facilitate policy making in this field. To this end, the report contains a chapter with recommendations on how policymakers can use the global resource nexus framework proposed in this report.

IMPACT ON SUSTAINABLE SECURITY OF SUPPLY OF AGRI-FOOD IMPORTS FOR THE NETHERLANDS

The Global Resource Nexus

Nicolas Castellon

Erik Frinking

This paper provides an overview and analysis of 23 research projects funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) over the past two years in its cybersecurity research program, guided by two editions of the Dutch National Cybersecurity Research Agenda (NCSRA I and NCSRA II). NWO’s cybersecurity research program aims to strengthen the (scientific) cybersecurity knowledge base in the Netherlands. The importance of this research field is increasing and requires the continuous and intensifying generation of cybersecurity knowledge and the delivery of sufficient cybersecurity experts on a scientific level to the Dutch society. A multidisciplinary approach is important as cybersecurity threats often have multi-dimensional characteristics.

NWO funded cybersecurity research: a bird's eye view of the current research portfolio

Maarten Gehem

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