National Gallery (Great Britain)

Marieke de Winkel

Quentin Buvelot

Rudolf E. O. Ekkart

In the Golden Age of the Dutch Republic, every gentleman of standing had himself eternalized in a portrait. In Holland, these gentlemen were burghers, not aristocrats, or princes of the church. They were prosperous merchants, scholars, generals, and stadholders, seen in official and private settings, alone or in the company of colleagues, or surrounded by their wives and children. Seventeenth-century Dutch portraiture is a remarkable phenomenon: never before had so many portraits been painted. Today, these pictures offer insight into the taste, fashion, occupations, and ambitions of affluent 17th-century individuals. The two great masters of Dutch portraiture, Rembrandt and Frans Hals, are both represented here.

The Age of Rembrandt and Frans Hals

Dutch Portraits

Volker Manuth

The Splendor and Wisdom of a G Oddess

RembrandtW0 11s Minerva in Her Study of 1635

Solo unos cuantos devotos de la forma se han acercado a las radicales contribuciones que Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn aportó al arte del autorretrato. Rembrandt desafió las convenciones consagradas por sus predecesores y transformó este formato en un medio capaz de comunicar profundidad emocional, en lugar de plasmar simplemente el aspecto físico en un ambiente adecuado o lujoso como era habitual. Con más de 80 obras que abarcan pinturas, grabados y dibujos, los autorretratos que el holandés realizó a lo largo de su vida son un medio para fijar lo efímero, ya sean momentos de evolución individual frente al paso inexorable del tiempo o de emociones y gestos faciales que desaparecen sin rastro con la misma rapidez con la que aparecieron. Durante las cuatro décadas en que fueron pintados, una constante llama la atención en todas las técnicas y estilos: el empeño de Rembrandt por presentarse desde múltiples perspectivas, de celebrar la multiplicidad del individuo y de apostar por un retrato natural y sin filtros de la expresión emocional. Además de las preocupaciones temáticas presentes en el conjunto de autorretratos de Rembrandt, las creaciones también son un ejemplo de innovación técnica y experimentación. La luz baña un hombro mientras medio rostro está sumido en la sombra sobre un fondo oscuro. Sus rizos indisciplinados, marcados sobre una pátina húmeda de pintura de tonos terrosos con un lápiz de caña de punta deshilachada, parecen reflejar la luz que cae sobre ellos, arremolinados con la energía alborotada de la sorpresa que el rostro de Rembrandt expresa tan a menudo. En toda su obra encontramos una humanidad inequívoca, cada pincelada expresiva y cada detalle confuso se traducen en una caracterización resuelta y honesta de sí mismo, de todas sus debilidades, sentimientos encontrados y etapas de la vida. Esta monografía, publicada en conmemoración del 350o aniversario de la muerte del artista, presenta todos los autorretratos de Rembrandt en impresionante tamaño XL. Desde sus primeros experimentos cuando tenía 22 años hasta su último autorretrato pintado un año antes de su muerte, esta colección monumental es testimonio de una vida dedicada a revolucionar la práctica pictórica en forma y contenido.

Rembrandt. Los Autorretratos

Rudie van Leeuwen

The Dutch Golden Age spawned some of history's greatest artists and artisans, but few can boast of the genius of Rembrandt. Commemorating 350 years of unparalleled legacy, this XXL-sized monograph gathers the artist's 330 paintings in exquisite reproductions and details that reveal how, in all their forms, Rembrandt's painted works are built of...

Rembrandt. the Complete Paintings

Until now dress has played only a subordinate role in the research of Rembrandt’s paintings, despite the fact that few artists are as intensively studied as this Dutch master. The lacuna is all the more surprising since Rembrandt obviously delighted in rendering clothes, which, for him, not only communicated the character and social status of his sitters but also clarified his narratives and heightened the drama in his historical pieces. Here, Marieke de Winkel offers a fascinating and much-needed study of dress and costume in the works of Rembrandt. De Winkel shows us how focusing on apparel opens a new line of inquiry into Rembrandt’s paintings, one which is symbolically and iconographically richer than previously imagined. This approach, which has not been fully acknowledged by art historians nor developed by dress historians, deepens our understanding of Rembrandt’s expression as well as the cultural and historical context of the Dutch seventeenth century. De Winkel proves the merits of the approach here with her close readings of Rembrandt’s paintings and the contemporaneous connotations of the clothes he depicted. She demonstrates convincingly that clothes do much more than help date the paintings; they are instead integral to the program of representation. No longer ancillary to art history, dress and costume here receive their full due in this study, leaving us with not only a better understanding of Rembrandt but of his wider world as well.

Dress and Meaning in Rembrandt's Paintings

Fashion and Fancy

Ronni Baer

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art

Henk F. K. van Nierop

The Dutch Republic in the seventeenth century was home to one of the greatest flowerings of painting in the history of Western art. Freed from the constraints of royal and church patronage, artists created a rich outpouring of naturalistic portraits, genre scenes and landscapes that circulated through a newly open market to patrons and customers at every level of Dutch society. Their closely observed details of everyday life offer a wealth of information about the possessions, activities and circumstances that distinguished members of social classes, from the nobility to the urban poor. The dazzling array of paintings gathered here - from artists such as Frans Hals, Jan Steen and Gerrit Dou, as well as Rembrandt and Vermeer - illuminated by essays by leading specialists, invite us to explore a vibrant early modern society and its reflection in a golden age of brilliant painting.

Dutch Painting in the Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer

Class Distinctions

Marieke de Winkel

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