Martin Ebers

Marta Cantero Gamito

Algorithms are now widely employed to make decisions that have increasingly far-reaching impacts on individuals and society as a whole (“algorithmic governance”), which could potentially lead to manipulation, biases, censorship, social discrimination, violations of privacy, property rights, and more. This has sparked a global debate on how to regulate AI and robotics (“governance of algorithms”). This book discusses both of these key aspects: the impact of algorithms, and the possibilities for future regulation.

Legal and Ethical Challenges

Algorithmic Governance and Governance of Algorithms

Cristina Poncibò

Mimi Zou

This book provides original, diverse, and timely insights into the nature, scope, and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially machine learning and natural language processing, in relation to contracting practices and contract law. The chapters feature unique, critical, and in-depth analysis of a range of topical issues, including how the use of AI in contracting affects key principles of contract law (from formation to remedies), the implications for autonomy, consent, and information asymmetries in contracting, and how AI is shaping contracting practices and the laws relating to specific types of contracts and sectors. The contributors represent an interdisciplinary team of lawyers, computer scientists, economists, political scientists, and linguists from academia, legal practice, policy, and the technology sector. The chapters not only engage with salient theories from different disciplines, but also examine current and potential real-world applications and implications of AI in contracting and explore feasible legal, policy, and technological responses to address the challenges presented by AI in this field. The book covers major common and civil law jurisdictions, including the EU, Italy, Germany, UK, US, and China. It should be read by anyone interested in the complex and fast-evolving relationship between AI, contract law, and related areas of law such as business, commercial, consumer, competition, and data protection laws.

Contracting and Contract Law in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

André Janssen

Olaf Meyer

A growing number of countries recognise a direct producers' liability for non-conforming goods. The European Commission has considered the introduction of an EU-wide direct producers' liability for a long time. Will there be new responsibilities for producers in the future? This book compiles national reports from 24 European countries on the sale of goods law as well as the consumer's remedies for non-conforming goods and the final seller's right of redress. A comparative report informs about the different models of producers' liability and their impact on the internal market. Beneficial for practitioners working in the field of consumer contract law and sale of goods law.

Direct Producers' Liability for Non-conformity and the Sellers' Right of Redress

European Perspectives on Producers' Liability

Reiner Schulze

Hans Christoph Grigoleit

Die Autoren der Beiträge dieses Bandes befassen sich mit der Frage, inwieweit das bestehende Gemeinschaftsrecht, der sog. Acquis communautaire, verallgemeinerbare Leitlinien für die künftige Entwicklung des europäischen Vertragsrechts vorzeichnet. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Themenfelder 'Vertragsschluss', 'Informationspflichten' und 'Sanktionen'. Das Werk dokumentiert Ergebnisse des neuen Forschungsansatzes der Acquis-Group. Durch die Analyse des Acquis communautaire sollen übergreifende Grundsätze zur Fortentwicklung des europäischen Vertragsrechts formuliert werden. Der Band enthält damit erste wissenschaftliche Antworten auf den Aktionsplan der Europäischen Kommission vom Februar 2003 für ein "kohärenteres europäisches Vertragsrecht".

Information requirements and formation of contract in the Acquis communautaire

Susana Navas

Exploring issues from big-data to robotics, this volume is the first to comprehensively examine the regulatory implications of AI technology.

Algorithms and Law

Obwohl viele Rechtsgebiete mittlerweile harmonisiert worden sind, regeln EU-Rechtsakte haufig nicht die Frage, welche Rechte, Rechtsbehelfe und Sanktionen zur Durchsetzung europaischen Rechts im nationalen Recht vorgesehen werden mussen. Andererseits ist zu beobachten, dass der EuGH den Schutz subjektiver (Unions-)Rechte schrittweise ausgebaut und ein eigenstandiges Sanktionssystem aufgestellt hat, das intensiv in die mitgliedstaatlichen Rechtsordnungen eingreift und diese uberlagert. Martin Ebers entwickelt vor diesem Hintergrund eine allgemeine Theorie der im Unionsrecht wurzelnden (subjektiven) Rechte. Ausserdem wird danach gefragt, wie ein Verstoss gegen unionsrechtliche Normen im nationalen (Privat-)Recht sanktioniert werden muss. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei den Grundfreiheiten, dem Kartell- und Beihilferecht sowie dem Antidiskriminierungs- und Verbraucherrecht.

Martin Ebers

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