Menno Schilthuizen

*Carrion crows in the Japanese city of Sendai have learned to use passing traffic to crack nuts. *Lizards in Puerto Rico are evolving feet that better grip surfaces like concrete. *Europe’s urban blackbirds sing at a higher pitch than their rural cousins, to be heardover the din of traffic. How is this happening? Menno Schilthuizen is one of a growing number of “urban ecologists” studying how our manmade environments are accelerating and changing the evolution of the animals and plants around us. In Darwin Comes to Town, he takes us around the world for an up-close look at just how stunningly flexible and swift-moving natural selection can be. With human populations growing, we’re having an increasing impact on global ecosystems, and nowhere do these impacts overlap as much as they do in cities. The urban environment is about as extreme as it gets, and the wild animals and plants that live side-by-side with us need to adapt to a whole suite of challenging conditions: they must manage in the city’s hotter climate (the “urban heat island”); they need to be able to live either in the semidesert of the tall, rocky, and cavernous structures we call buildings or in the pocket-like oases of city parks (which pose their own dangers, including smog and free-rangingdogs and cats); traffic causes continuous noise, a mist of fine dust particles, and barriers to movement for any animal that cannot fly or burrow; food sources are mainly human-derived. And yet, as Schilthuizen shows, the wildlife sharing these spaces with us is not just surviving, but evolving ways of thriving. Darwin Comes toTown draws on eye-popping examples of adaptation to share a stunning vision of urban evolution in which humans and wildlife co-exist in a unique harmony. It reveals that evolution can happen far more rapidly than Darwin dreamed, while providing a glimmer of hope that our race toward over population might not take the rest of nature down with us.

How the Urban Jungle Drives Evolution

Darwin Comes to Town

In de toekomst leeft driekwart van de mensheid in de stad en gaat verstedelijkte omgeving steeds meer ruimte innemen. Een groot deel van de rest van het aardoppervlak is nodig voor landbouw, dus waar gaat de natuur dan naar toe? Naar de stad, laat Menno Schilthuizen zien in dit wonderlijke en verrassende boek. En wanneer de natuur naar de stad gaat, neemt de evolutie een aparte wending. Stadsdieren worden brutaler en vindingrijker, stadsduiven ontwikkelen een detoxverenkleed en onkruid op straat krijgt een heel eigen type zaden. Stadsmerels zijn zelfs bezig zich te ontwikkelen tot een compleet nieuwe soort die je Merula urbanicus zou kunnen noemen. Dankzij evolutionaire aanpassing die zich voltrekt met snelheden waar Darwin niet van had durven dromen, raken mens en stadsnatuur steeds beter op elkaar ingespeeld en wordt een nieuw hoofdstuk in de evolutie van het leven op aarde ingeluid. Een hoofdstuk waarin veel biodiversiteit verdwijnt, maar ook veel nieuwe dier- en plantensoorten het licht zullen zien.

Darwin komt naar de stad. Hoe de urban jungle de evolutie stuurt

How do species split? Why? How long does it take for a new species to be born? What is species anyway? These questions are the focus of intense debate in biology and they are all tackled in this text.

Speciation--the Evolution of New Species

Frogs, Flies, and Dandelions

A tour of evolution’s most inventive—and essential—creations: animal genitalia Forget opposable thumbs and canine teeth: the largest anatomical differences between humans and chimps are found below the belt. In Nature’s Nether Regions, ecologist and evolutionary biologist Menno Schilthuizen invites readers to discover the wondrous diversity of animalian reproductive organs. Schilthuizen packs this delightful read with astonishing scientific insights while maintaining an absorbing narrative style reminiscent of Mary Roach and Jerry Coyne. With illustrations throughout and vivid field anecdotes—among them laser surgery on a fruit fly’s privates and a snail orgy—Nature’s Nether Regions is a celebration of life in all shapes and sizes.

What the Sex Lives of Bugs, Birds, and Beasts Tell Us About Evolution, Biodivers ity, and Ourselves

Nature's Nether Regions

Edizione Italiana a cura di Telmo Pievani Nel prossimo futuro una vasta porzione del globo sarà urbanizzata. Dove andrà a finire la natura? In città, come ci racconta Menno Schilthuizen in questo sorprendente libro. Un numero sempre maggiore di specie selvatiche ritaglia per sé nuove nicchie nei centri abitati, mentre l’evoluzione sta compiendo, sotto i nostri occhi, una svolta straordinaria. Gli animali cittadini mostrano comportamenti sempre più intraprendenti, ma non solo: nei piccioni urbani il piumaggio sta diventando più resistente alle tossine, le piante erbacee che spuntano dalle spaccature dei marciapiedi producono nuovi tipi di semi. Grazie agli adattamenti evolutivi che emergono a una velocità senza precedenti, le piante e gli animali stanno sviluppando nuove caratteristiche e abitudini negli ambienti che l’uomo ha creato con cemento e acciaio. Siamo all’inizio di un nuovo capitolo nella storia dell’evoluzione, in cui emergeranno forme di vita mai viste prima, un processo che avviene in modo molto più rapido di quanto Darwin avrebbe potuto immaginare.

Come la giungla urbana influenza l’evoluzione

Darwin va in città

Attention, sujet chaud ! Savez-vous que nous n’avons nullement l’apanage de l’orgasme ? Que la mouche stocke la semence de ses partenaires dans diverses « bibliothèques » pour en disposer à sa guise ? Que chez les cousins, la copulation produit le même effet qu’un vibromasseur ? Ce livre dévoile les secrets de la vie sexuelle des animaux, à commencer par l’extraordinaire richesse de forme et de fonctionnement des organes reproducteurs. Mais les chercheurs n’ont pas oublié les humains... Leurs dernières découvertes éclairent d’un jour nouveau notre propre sexualité, mais aussi l’intense « tango évolutif » auquel nous nous livrons sans toujours le savoir. Les études (saugrenues !) l’ont montré, Mesdames : jouir en même temps que votre partenaire serait une façon subtile de le « sélectionner », car cela garantirait de meilleures chances de procréer. Quant aux centaines de mystérieuses protéines contenues dans votre sperme, Messieurs, elles détourneraient la femme de rivaux potentiels, en obstruant ses voies génitales tout en piratant son système nerveux... Un livre aussi stupéfiant que savoureux, qui relègue les traités de Kinsey, Masters & Johnson au rang de l’annuaire des PTT !

Menno Schilthuizen

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