John Bender

Michael Marrinan

The Culture of Diagram is about visual thinking. Exploring a terrain where words meet pictures and formulas meet figures, the book foregrounds diagrams as tools for blurring those boundaries to focus on the production of knowledge as process. It outlines a history of convergence among diverse streams of data in real-time: from eighteenth-century print media and the diagrammatic procedures in the pages of Diderot's Encyclopedia to the paintings of Jacques-Louis David and mathematical devices that reveal the unseen worlds of quantum physics. Central to the story is the process of correlation, which invites observers to participate by eliciting leaps of imagination to fill gaps in data, equations, or sensations. This book traces practices that ran against the grain of both Locke's clear and distinct ideas and Newton's causality—practices greatly expanded by the calculus, probabilities, and protocols of data sampling. Today's digital technologies are rooted in the ability of high-speed computers to correct errors when returning binary data to the human sensorium. High-tech diagrams echo the visual structures of the Encyclopedia, arraying packets of dissimilar data across digital spaces instead of white paper. The culture of diagram broke with the certainties of eighteenth-century science to expand the range of human experience. Speaking across disciplines and discourses, Bender and Marrinan situate our modernity in a new and revealing light.

The Culture of Diagram

Gustave Caillebotte (1848–1894), the son of a wealthy businessman, is perhaps best known as the painter who organized and funded several of the groundbreaking exhibitions of the Impressionist painters, collected their works, and ensured the Impressionists’ presence in the French national museums by bequeathing his own personal collection. Trained at the École des Beaux-Arts and sharing artistic sympathies with his renegade friends, Caillebotte painted a series of extraordinary pictures inspired by the look and feel of modern Paris that also grappled with his own place in the Parisian art scene. Gustave Caillebotte: Painting the Paris of Naturalism, 1872–1887 is the first book to study the life and artistic development of this painter in depth and in the context of the urban life and upper-class Paris that shaped the man and his work. Michael Marrinan’s ambitious study draws upon new documents and establishes compelling connections between Caillebotte’s painting and literature, commerce, and technology. It offers new ways of thinking about Paris and its changing development in the nineteenth century, exploring the cultural context of Parisian bachelor life and revealing layers of meaning in upscale privilege ranging from haute cuisine to sport and relaxation. Marrinan has written what is sure to be a central text for the study of nineteenth-century art and culture.

Painting the Paris of Naturalism, 1872-1887

Gustave Caillebotte

Romantic Paris is a survey of Parisian art and culture during the first half of the nineteenth century, when the experiments of Romantic artists and writers directly challenged the norms of tradition and when dramatic changes in the habits and spaces of everyday life shaped the social foundations of an urban modernity.

Histories of a Cultural Landscape, 1800-1850

Romantic Paris

Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht

Since its publication in 1936, Walter Benjamin’s “Artwork” essay has become a canonical text about the status and place of the fine arts in modern mass culture. Benjamin was especially concerned with the ability of new technologies—notably film, sound recording, and photography—to reproduce works of art in great number. Benjamin could not have foreseen the explosion of imagery and media that has occurred during the past fifty years. Does Benjamin’s famous essay still speak to this new situation? That is the question posed by the editors of this book to a wide range of leading scholars and thinkers across a spectrum of disciplines in the humanities. The essays gathered here do not hazard a univocal reply to that question; rather they offer a rich, wide-ranging critique of Benjamin’s position that refracts and reflects contemporary thinking about the ethical, political, and aesthetic implications of life in the digital age.

Michael Marrinan

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