Muhammad Farooq

Muslim marriage is a union where there exists a set of rights offered or agreed as a whole. This study explores the woman's right to marry as a paramount element in contracting marriage. It details the role of the Muslim woman in concluding and negotiating her marriage through related issues, inter alia: the marriage guardian, the virgin's legal capacity to give consent and how that consent is to be given or understood. The doctrine of kafā'a (equality) between the spouses is also discussed. The concept of wilāyah (male guardianship) is a desire of control position for the man and the idea of kafā'a limits the woman's choice in marriage. Both these are the result of jurists' analogical reasoning. As such, both concepts are used in a bid to keep the man's upper hand in the marriage. The woman's right to dissolve the marriage is also analysed. The Shari'ah, as well as law in Pakistan, permits both husbands and wives to initiate divorce at different channels. The study, stresses on honourable exit route from marriage and assesses the divorce process as initiated by the wife, like in khul' (ransom), khiyār-ul-bulūgh (option of puberty) and ṭalāqe-tafwīḍ (delegated divorce). What emerges out of this exposition is that these are absolute, unqualified and legally enforceable rights of hers. Based on androcentric interpretations of primary sources of Shari'ah, in Pakistan, a strongly patriarchal society, the making and breaking of the marriage is left almost solely to the males' discretion. Here, this authoritative view is weighed against the Muslim family laws applicable in the country. This research reveals a significant gap between women's de jure rights and the de facto exercise of their rights in Pakistan. For this reason, despite landmark laws enacted, and the reforms made so far to protect women's marital rights, women continue to be confronted by profound disadvantages in marriage and divorce regimes, hoping that one day things will take a positive turn. In this study, at every stage, the author states the position of classical Islamic law and it's interpretations that has given rise to the issues in modern times and then explains how courts through fresh interpretations have resolved these issues.

The Right of a Sui Juris Woman to Make and Break the Marriage Contract

Kadambot H.M. Siddique

Neglected and Underutilized Crops: Future Smart Food explores future food crops with climate resilience potential. Sections cover their botany, nutritional significance, global distribution, production technology, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses of neglected and underutilized crops. By simply changing species in a crop rotation system, the cycle of some pests and diseases is disrupted and probabilities of infestations are reduced. Finally, the book provides case studies that highlight where the adaptation of crops to local environments, especially with regard to climate change, have been successful. These crops can help make agricultural production systems more resilient to climate change. Although a few books on neglected and underutilized crops are available, this comprehensive book covers the full scope of crop husbandry, nutritional significance and global distribution. Contains consistent coverage of botany, nutritional significance, production technology, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses Presents case studies of success stories where adaptations in local environments have made a difference, especially with climate change Addresses key opportunities for improving global food security

Future Smart Food

Neglected and Underutilized Crops

This book is a ready reference on recent innovations in dryland agriculture and reinforces the understanding for its utilization to develop environmentally sustainable and profitable food production systems. It covers the basic concepts and history, components and elements, breeding and modelling efforts, and potential benefits, experiences, challenges and innovations relevant to agriculture in dryland areas around world.

Innovations in Dryland Agriculture

Zahid A. Cheema

Abdul Wahid

Allelopathy is an ecological phenomenon by which plants release organic chemicals (allelochemicals) into the environment influencing the growth and survival of other organisms. In this book, leading scientists in the field synthesize latest developments in allelopathy research with a special emphasis on its application in sustainable agriculture. The following topics are highlighted: Ecological implications, such as the role of allelopathy during the invasion of alien plant species; regional experiences with the application of allelopathy in agricultural systems and pest management; the use of microscopy for modeling allelopathy; allelopathy and abiotic stress tolerance; host allelopathy and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; allelopathic interaction with plant nutrition; and the molecular mechanisms of allelopathy. This book is an invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students in the fields of plant physiology, agriculture, ecology, environmental sciences, and molecular biology.

Muhammad Farooq

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