Edward Chow

Joav Merrick

Natalie Pulenzas

Breanne Lechner

Nemica Thavarajah

Bone metastases are a common event for cancer patients. We have developed an innovative and unique clinical research program dedicated to palliative radiation oncology at the Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and specifically a multidisciplinary clinic for bone metastases. The development of this program introduces an effective strategy to conduct research in palliative radiation oncology. Symptom control is very important for the quality of life for bone and brain metastases patients. This is an evolving active field of research as greater emphasis is being placed into understanding the goals of improving not only a patients survival, but the ability for therapies to improve the quality of a patient's life. In this book we present the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, which was used in a multi-center study with patients recruited from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Kerala, India; Nicosia, Cyprus; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Taipei, Taiwan; Tanta, Egypt; and Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with brain and bone metastases. It was found that the difficulties bone and brain metastases patients experience are different in several ways. Patients with bone metastases have more pain and reduced physical functioning. However, patients with brain metastases have more severe role functioning deficits. With use of the QLQ-C30, it was also found that there is ambiguity regarding the root of patient issues. Future studies that require more comprehensive disease-specific findings should include disease-specific assessment modules such as the QLQ-BM22 and QLQ-BN20. Important domains such as the minimal clinically important difference should also be established in individual subgroups of patients to assist in clinical trial design.

Managing Symptoms and Quality of Life

Advanced Cancer

Ronald Chow

Marko Popovic

Xiaojing Zhang

In early stages of cancer, patients are often presented with treatment options and encouraged to have shared treatment decisions with their oncologists. Shared decision making becomes particularly important, as several treatment options with different possible outcomes and adverse events exist. For example, women with early breast cancer are counseled on the options of mastectomy versus lumpectomy and radiation. The same principle should also apply in late stages of cancer, where cure is usually not possible in patients with widespread metastases. In these cases, the aim of treatment should be to relieve symptoms and suffering. Improving quality of life (QOL) rather than tumor control takes priority in palliative care. QOL has also been identified as an important endpoint for new cancer drugs, as determined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); as such, cancer drug approval can be based on improvement of QOL. The use of patient-reported QOL instrument tools help clinicians determine if certain treatments improve QOL. The research of palliative interventions should have QOL assessment to assist clinicians, patients and their family members in shared decision making.

Treatment, Decision Making and Quality of Life

Cancer

Natalie Pulenzas

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