International Labour Office

Niall O'Higgins

This text discusses in depth the youth unemployment problem and examines the various policy responses to it, including education and training, and active labour market policy. The book offers specific recommendations for this age group in industrialized, transition and developing countries.

A Global Perspective

Youth Unemployment and Employment Policy

In this paper, data from the first Youth Cohort Study (YCS) are used to analyze the effectiveness of the Youth Training Scheme (YTS) in England and Wales in terms of its impact, at an individual level, on the employment prospects of young people. The analysis goes beyond previous work in that it explicitly deals with sample selection bias and heteroscedasticity. A switching bivariate probit model is estimated and is found to be preferred to both the univariate probit model and the bivariate probit model with a YTS participation dummy. The analysis suggests that previous studies of YTS may have underestimated both the size and variability of the effect that the scheme had on participants' chances of finding employment.

Yts, Employment and Sample Selection Bias

An Analysis of Sample Selection in the Determination of Employment and Earnings

The Effectiveness of YTS in Britain

Gianluigi Coppola

The recent recession has led to an ongoing crisis in the youth labour market in Europe. This timely book deals with a number of areas related to the context, choices and experiences of young people, the consequences of which resonate throughout their lives. The focus of the contributions to this volume is on issues which, whilst undoubtedly important, have thus far received less attention than they arguably deserve. The first part of the book is concerned with issues related to education and training, covering matters such as the role of monopsony in training, the consequences of over-education, and the quality of educational institutions from primary to tertiary. The second part is primarily concerned with the long-term consequences of short-term choices and experiences including contributions on health-related choices, health consequences later in life, factors affecting the home-leaving decision, as well as an analysis of the increasing intergenerational transmission of inequality; a trend which accelerated during the recession. The last part of the book deals with issues related to youth unemployment and NEET – the direct consequence of the recession. This book contains a number of innovative analyses reporting significant findings that contrast with standard models. Some of the more interesting results directly contradict conventional wisdom on a number of topics from the importance of monopsony in training markets to the importance of transitory income changes on consumption of addictive goods. This book is suitable for those who study labor economics, political economy as well as employment and unemployment.

Unemployment, education and health in Europe

Youth and the Crisis

Learn how to leverage MongoDB with your Python applications, using the hands-on recipes in this book. You get complete code samples for tasks such as making fast geo queries for location-based apps, efficiently indexing your user documents for social-graph lookups, and many other scenarios. This guide explains the basics of the document-oriented database and shows you how to set up a Python environment with it. Learn how to read and write to MongoDB, apply idiomatic MongoDB and Python patterns, and use the database with several popular Python web frameworks. You’ll discover how to model your data, write effective queries, and avoid concurrency problems such as race conditions and deadlocks. The recipes will help you: Read, write, count, and sort documents in a MongoDB collection Learn how to use the rich MongoDB query language Maintain data integrity in replicated/distributed MongoDB environments Use embedding to efficiently model your data without joins Code defensively to avoid keyerrors and other bugs Apply atomic operations to update game scores, billing systems, and more with the fast accounting pattern Use MongoDB with the Pylons 1.x, Django, and Pyramid web frameworks

Patterns and Processes for the Popular Document-oriented Database

MongoDB and Python

Andrew Stewart

Rosemary Owens

Anne Hewitt

This groundbreaking book examines the growing phenomenon of internships and the policy issues they raise, during a time when internships or traineeships have become an important way of transitioning from education into paid work.

Niall O'Higgins

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