Patrick J. Hayes

Combining the insight of two-dozen expert contributors to examine key figures, events, and policies over 200 years of U.S. immigration history, this work illuminates the foundations of the ethnic and socioeconomic makeup of our nation. • 45 entries covering such issues as the Alien and Sedition Acts, asylees, immigration and customs enforcement, immigration and religion, and U.S.–Mexico border relations • Contributions from an international collaborative of 24 scholars from the social and human sciences • Photographs • A timeline • Entry-specific bibliographies and a lengthy general bibliography

The Making of Modern Immigration: An Encyclopedia of People and Ideas [2 volumes]

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Clark N. Glymour

American Association for Artificial Intelligence

Fellow and Tutor in English Patrick Hayes

Kenneth M. Ford

"Were they reborn into a modern university, Plato and Aristotle and Leibniz would most suitably take up appointments in the department of computer science." Epistemology has traditionally been the study of human knowledge and rational change of human belief. Android epistemology is the exploration of the space of possible machines and their capacities for knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, desires, and for action in accord with their mental states. From the perspective of android epistemology, artificial intelligence and computational cognitive psychology form a unified endeavor: artificial intelligence explores any possible way of engineering machines with intelligent features, while cognitive psychology focuses on reverse engineering the most intelligent systems we know: us. The editors argue that contemporary android epistemology is the fruition of a long tradition in philosophical theories of knowledge and mind. The sixteen essays by both computer scientists and philosophers collected in this volume include substantial contributions to android epistemology, as well as examinations, defenses, elaborations, and challenges to the very idea. Contributors: Kalyan Shankar Basu. Margaret Boden. Selmer Bringsjord. Ronald L. Chrisley. Paul Churchland. Cary G. deBessonet. Ken Ford. James Gips. Clark Glymour. Antoni Gomila. Patrick J. Hayes. A. F. Umar Khan. Henry Kyburg. Marvin Minsky. Anatol Rapoport. Herbert Simon. Christian Stary. Lynn Andrea Stein.

Android Epistemology

Miracles give hope to the hopeless and exemplify the intersection of the divine and the mundane. They have shaped world history and continue to influence us through their presence in films, television, novels, and popular culture. This encyclopedia provides a unique resource on the philosophical, historical, religious, and cross-cultural conceptions of miracles that cut across denominational lines. • Provides the most authoritative exposition of miracles across history currently available in English—a highly useful resource for inquirers on miraculous phenomenon • Goes far beyond discussions of specific miracle stories to explore their provenance, cultic aspects, philosophical underpinnings, and psychological roots • Covers some of the major aspects of miraculous phenomena through entries drawn from the humanities, social and behavioral sciences, and the hard sciences, particularly physics and natural biology • Presents accounts of miracles with a range of expert interpretations of those events, thereby supporting the Common Core State Standards for History and English Language Arts, CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3 • Supplies more than a dozen primary documents—each introduced by a headnote—that give students historic accounts of miracles and related texts for in-depth analysis

Patrick J. Hayes

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