Peter Kittel

Proceedings of the 1995 conference held in Columbus, Ohio, July, 17-21, 1995.

Parts A & B

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

John Hull

Klaus D. Timmerhaus

Steven W. Van Sciver

Vitalij Pecharsky

Quan-Sheng Shu

David Glaister

Bill Burt

Al Zeller

John Zbasnik

Ray Radebaugh

Michael DiPirro

J. Patrick Kelley

Jay Theilacker

Charles Reece

In recent years, the technology of cryogenic comminution has been widely applied in the field of chemical engineering, food making, medicine production, and particularly in recycling of waste materials. Because of the increasing pollution of waste tires and the shortage of raw rubber resource, the recycling process for waste rubber products has become important and commercially viable. This technology has shown a great number of advantages such as causing no environmental pollution, requiring low energy consumption and producing high quality products. Hence, the normal crusher which was used to reclaim materials, such as waste tires, nylon, plastic and many polymer materials at atmospheric 12 temperature is being replaced by a cryogenic crusher. • In the cryogenic crusher, the property of the milled material is usually very sensitive to temperature change. When a crusher is in operation, it will generate a great deal of heat that causes the material temperature increased. Once the temperature increases over the vitrification temperature, the material property will change and lose the brittle behavior causing the energy consumption to rise sharply. Consequently, the comminution process cannot be continued. Therefore, it is believed that the cryogenic crusher is the most critical component in the cryogenic comminution system. The research on the temperature increase and energy consumption in the cryogenic crusher is not only to reduce the energy consumption of the crasher, but also to reduce the energy consumption of the cryogenic system.

The Albuquerque Convention Center was the venue for the 1993 Cryogenic Engineering Conference. The meeting was held jointly with the International Cryogenic Materials Conference. Walter F. Stewart, of Los Alamos National Laboratory, was conference chairman. Albuquerque is near Los Alamos National Laboratory which has been a significant contributor to the cryogenics community since the early days of the Manhattan Project. Albuquerque is also the home of the Air Force's Phillips Laboratory which has a lead role in developing cryocoolers. The program consisted of 322 CEC papers, more than a 30% increase from CEC-91 and 20% more than CEC-89. This was the largest number of papers ever submitted to the CEC. Of these, 249 papers are published here, in Volume 39 of Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Once again the volume is published in two books. This volume includes a cumulative index for the CEC volumes from 1975-1993 (volumes 21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35,37, and 39 of Advances in Cryogenic Engineering). The first 20 volumes are indexed in Volume 20. A companion cumulative index for the ICMC volumes (volumes 22 through 40) appears in Volume 40. This is my first volume as editor. I would not have been able to have done it without the assistance of the many reviewers. Especially appreciated was the instruction manual left me by the previous editor, Ron Fast.

The Hyatt Regency Hotel, Columbus, Ohio was the venue for the 1995 Cryogenic Engineering Conference. The meeting was held jointly with the International Cryogenic Materials Conference. Jim Peeples, of CVI, Inc., was conference chairman. Columbus is the home of the Battelle Memorial Institute, a pioneer in cryogenic materials development; the home of CVI, Inc., and Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc., two leading manufacturers of cryogenic equipment; and it is the home of Ohio State University, where research on liquid helium has long been conducted. The program consisted of 315 CEC papers, nearly the same number as for CEC-91. This was the second largest number of papers ever submitted to the CEC. Of these, 252 papers are published here, in Volume 41 of Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Once again the volume is published in two books. This volume includes a number of photographs taken during the awards lunch on July 20, 1995. Photographs have often been taken during the conferences, but they have never been used. The pictures are of the awardees, the conference chairs, and the organizers. They are distributed through out the books on pages that would otherwise have been blank. The pictures can be found on the following pages: 28, 232, 334, 536, 640, 826, 990, 1032, 1202, 1462,1682,1888, and 1994.

The Oregon Convention Center, Portland, Oregon, was the venue for the 1997 Cryogenic Engineering Conference. The meeting was held jointly with the International Cryogenic Materials Conference. John Barclay, of the University of Victoria, and David Smathers, of Cabot Performance Materials, were conference chairmen. Portland is the home of Northwest Natural Gas, a pioneer in the use of liquid natural gas, and Portland State University, where cryogenic research has long been conducted. The program consisted of 350 CEC papers, considerable more than CEC-95. This was the largest number of papers ever submitted to the CEC. Of these, 263 papers are published here, in Volume 43 of Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Once again the volume is published in two books. CEC PAPER REVIEW PROCESS Since 1954 Advances in Cryogenic Engineering has been the archival publication of papers presented at the biennial CEC!ICMC conferences. The publication includes invited, unsolicited, and government sponsored research papers in the research areas of cryogenic engineering and applications. All of the papers published must (1) be presented at the conference, (2) pass the peer review process, and (3) report previously unpublished theoretical studies, reviews, or advances in cryogenic engineering.

Peter Kittel

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