R. Saravanan

The book presents a number of novel ceramic materials that have great potential for advanced technological applications, such as microwave devices, communication instruments and memory devices. The materials covered include piezoelectric ceramics, zirconia ceramics, doped NiO ceramic nanostructures, BST ceramics (Barium-Strontium-Titanates), manganite ceramics, Ce-doped LaMnO3 and Sb-doped NKN (Sodium-Potassium-Niobates), as well as materials with ferrite structures, and with multi-ferroic structures The materials were characterized experimentally by means of XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and VSM (Vibrating sample magnetometer). The results are discussed in terms of the structural characteristics of the various crystal structures, their special surface morphology, and their optical and magnetic properties. Of particular interest is the determination of the electron density distribution (on the basis of XRD data and computerized evaluations). These data elucidate the atomic/electronic structure of the materials and make us understand the specific characteristics of these novel ceramics.

Novel Ceramic Materials

An introduction to the complex world of climate models that explains why we should trust their predictions despite the uncertainties.

Past, Present, and Future of Climate Prediction

The Climate Demon

M. Prema Rani

Charge density analysis of materials provides a firm basis for the evaluation of the properties of materials. The design and engineering of a new combination of metals requires a firm knowledge of intermolecular features. Recent advances in technology and high-speed computation have made the crystal X-ray diffraction technique a unique tool for the determination of charge density distribution in molecular crystal. Methods have been developed to make experimental probes capable of unraveling the features of charge densities in the intra- and inter-molecular regions of crystal structures. In Metal and Alloy Bonding - An Experimental Analysis, the structural details of materials are elucidated with the X-ray diffraction technique. Analyses of the charge density and the local and average structure are given to reveal the structural properties of technologically important materials. Readers will gain a new understanding of the local and average structure of existing materials. The electron density, bonding, and charge transfer studies in Metal and Alloy Bonding - An Experimental Analysis contain useful information for researchers in the fields of physics, chemistry, materials science, and metallurgy. The properties described in these studies can contribute to the successful engineering of these technologically important materials.

Charge Density in Metals and Alloys

Metal and Alloy Bonding - An Experimental Analysis

Thermoelectric materials permit the direct conversion of temperature differences into electric energy, and vice versa. They are therefore of highest technological interest in applications such as solid state coolers, waste heat recovery, sensors and detectors, and power generators including remote power generation. Thermoelectric materials are often called “environmentally green”, and for good reasons. Not only can they help generate electrical energy from waste gases as they are generated in such processes as home heating, industrial fabrication and automotive motion. In cooling applications they eliminate the use of chemical refrigerant gases. Moreover, as thermoelectric conversion devices have no moving parts, they operate silently and have a very long life expectancy. The only current drawback of these devices is their poor efficiency. Scientists all over the world are therefore studying the structural, thermoelectric, charge-density and magnetic properties of the most promising types of these materials at the atomic and electronic level. In addition to providing an introduction to the field, the main objective of this book is to present the results of the growth and structural characterization of thermoelectric materials that are of high current interest; including Mg2Si, PbTe, Bi1-xSbx, Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3, Sn1-xGexTe and InSb.

Charge Density and Structural Characterization of Thermoelectric Materials

Mu. Naushad

Raju Kumar

Nanostructured materials, especially, 1D, 2D and 3D nanostructures, and their engineered architectures are being increasingly used due to their potential to achieve sustainable development in energy and environmental sectors, providing a solution to a range of global challenges. A huge amount of research has been devoted in the recent past on the fine-tuning of nano-architecutres to accomplish innovations in energy storage and conversions, i.e., batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, and electrochromic devices, bifunctional catalysts for ORR and OER, gas to fuels, liquid to fuels, and photocatalysts, corrosion, electrochemical sensors, and pollution and contaminants removal. Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Remediation describes the fundamental aspects of a diverse range of nanomaterials for the sustainable development in energy and environmental remediation in a comprehensive manner. Experimental studies of varies nanomaterials will be discussed along with their design and applications, with specific attention to various chemical reactions involving and their challenges for catalysis, energy storage and conversion systems, and removal of pollutants are addressed. This book will also emphasise the challenges with past developments and direction for further research, details pertaining to the current ground - breaking technology and future perspective with multidisciplinary approach on energy, nanobiotechnology and environmental science Summarizes the latest advances in how nanotechnology is being used in energy and environmental science Outlines the major challenges to using nanomaterials for creating new products and devices in the sustainable energy and environmental sectors Helps materials scientists and engineers make selection and design decisions regarding which nanomaterial to use when creating new produts and evices for energy and environmental applications

Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Remediation

The present book presents the results of a systematic investigation of the dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of this type of lead-free solid solution ceramics Keywords: Piezoelectric Materials, Lead Toxicity, Lead-free Piezo-Ceramics, Perovskite Ceramics, Sensor Devices, Actuator Devices, Piezoelectric Devices, Ferroelectric Devices, Barium Titanate, Sodium Potassium Niobate, Sodium Bismuth Titanate, Electron Density Distribution, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, UV-visible Spectroscopy, Dielectric Measurements, Ferroelectric Measurements, Piezoelectric Measurements.

Lead-free Piezo-Ceramic Solid Solutions

In the modern world, the life style of humans is greatly influenced by electronic gadgets. These electronic gadgets need semiconducting and magnetic materials. In particular, the magnetic materials which find applications in almost all such gadgets need to be researched and better understood. Magnetism has diverse applications, from simple “loadstone” to complex DNA sequencing. The aim of this book is to describe the synthesis and characterization of various nano ferrite materials used for memory applications. It is now well established that materials synthesized in nanometer scale have novel properties compared to their bulk counterparts. The distinct feature of the book is the construction of charge density diagrams of ferrites by using the maximum entropy method (MEM). It is analyzed how the charge density distribution in the ferrite unit cell affects charge related properties. Magnetic Materials, Nano Ferrite Materials Characterization Techniques, Dielectric Studies, Maximum Entropy Method (MEM), Magnetic Properties, Optical Properties, Dielectric Properties

R. Saravanan

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