Ralph Kauz

In the recent years, trade, cultural exchange and transfer of knowledge in the Indian Ocean have come increasingly into the scope of various scholarly disciplines. The previous perception that the exploitation of this sea did only start with the European colonial expansion at the end of the 15th century had to be abandoned: The Europeans absorbed the long existing structures rather than creating new ones. This concept of the Indian Ocean as a coherent space of transfer is also adopted in this volume. Some of the articles were presented at a conference held in Vienna, while the others were supplied independently. The contributions are arranged around the two "poles", represented by the western and the eastern part of the Indian Ocean, especially Iran and China, but also other cultures and the manifold relations with the land-based Silk Road are discussed. The time frame ranges from the 14th to the 17th century.

From the Persian Gulf to the East China Sea

Aspects of the Maritime Silk Road

Roderich Ptak

Bert G. Fragner

Angela Schottenhammer

English summary: Horses, horse-breeding and horse-keeping, as well as the trade in these animals played an important role in the history of Asia's pre- and early modern civilisations. However, horses were unequally distributed over the Asian continent and their acquisition was usually associated with different expectations. When the knowledge spread that horses could be profitably used in warfare as well as for overland transportation and for agriculture, this did not only promote trade relations, but also led to the emergence of new cultural links, often between distant sites, both by land and by sea. The contributions to this volume, twenty-one articles in all, are based on a conference entitled "Horses in Asia" that was organised by the Institute of Iranian Studies of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in October 2006.The articles are arranged into four regional sections: (1) Iran and West Asia, (2) Central Asia, (3) the Indian Ocean, (4) and China. They are complemented by a preface and two introductory essays. Each article takes its own approach, while, at the same time, opening doors to related academic fields, the main interest lying in the transfer of horses between different regions. German description: In der Geschichte der vor- und fruhmodernen Zivilisationen Asiens spielten Pferde - ihre Zucht und Haltung sowie der Handel mit ihnen - eine herausragende Rolle; sie waren in ungleicher Weise uber den gesamten asiatischen Kontinent verteilt, und ebenso unterschiedliche Erwartungen wurden an ihren Erwerb geknupft. Die Erkenntnis, dass sich Pferde militarisch, als Transportmittel und in der Landwirtschaft gewinnbringend einsetzen liessen, forderte nicht nur den Handel mit ihnen, sondern liess Pferde ganz allgemein zu einem wichtigen kulturellen Bindeglied zwischen Orten und Landern werden, die oftmals weit voneinander entfernt lagen, sowohl uber Land wie uber den Seeweg. Die hier vorgestellten einundzwanzig Beitrage sind das Ergebnis einer gleichnamigen Tagung, die im Oktober 2006 auf Einladung des Instituts fur Iranistik der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften durchgefuhrt wurde. Sie sind nach Regionen geordnet: (1) Iran und Westasien, (2) Zentralasien, (3) Indischer Ozean (4) und China. Erganzt werden sie durch ein Vorwort und zwei einfuhrende Artikel. Die einzelnen Beitrage gehen das Thema auf der Basis unterschiedlicher Ansatze an und bieten jeweils Anknupfungspunkte zu benachbarten Disziplinen. Das Hauptinteresse gilt jedoch dem Transfer von Pferden zwischen den Regionen.

Horses in Asia

Markus Ritter

Birgitt Hoffmann

English description: From ancient times, 'Iranianate' cultures and the Persian language had a significant role beyond the borders of Iran: in the lands of the Near & Middle East, Central Asia as far as China and India. The book collects novel contributions within five chapters focussed on the Islamic periods. Creating a unique multi-disciplinary panorama, 39 scholars from twelve countries deal with individual themes from history and historiography, the history of literature and language, cultural and religious history, art history and the history of culinary culture. German description: Iranisch gepragte Kulturen und die persische Sprache waren seit alters her uber Iran hinaus fur Vorderasien und Zentralasien bis China und Indien von Bedeutung. Das Buch bundelt in funf Kapiteln, deren Schwerpunkt die islamische Zeit bildet, neue Beitrage zu einem multidisziplinaren Panorama. 39 Wissenschaftler aus zwolf Landern widmen sich unterschiedlichen Themen der Geschichte und Historiographie, Literatur- und Sprachgeschichte, Kultur- und Religionsgeschichte, Kunstgeschichte und Geschichte der Kulinarik.

Studien zum 65. Geburtstag von Bert G. Fragner

Iran und iranisch geprägte Kulturen

Florian Schwarz

Starting from important new archaeological findings and insights that have led to a rethinking of the history of viticulture in Iran and its wider Asian context, this volume explores various aspects of the cultural, social and political significance of grape wine in the Iranian cultural sphere. It assembles specialized studies and interpretative essays ranging from the question of the origins of viticulture and winemaking and the trade of wine between the Iranian plateau and China to viticulture and wine consumption in 20th-century Kafiristan, from the place of intoxicating beverages in hadith to the nature and function of wine in classical Persian poetry and Iranian architecture, from the ambiguities of alcohol in pre-modern Persia to the challenges of modernity and colonial encounters.

Ralph Kauz

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