Robert Holzmann

Doris Ritzberger-Grünwald

Helene Schuberth

This thought-provoking book investigates the political and economic transformation that has taken place over the past three decades in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (CESEE) since the fall of the Iron Curtain. Through an examination of both the successes and shortcomings of post communist reform and the challenges ahead for the region, it explores the topical issues of economic transition and integration, and highlights lessons to be learned.

Looking Back and Looking Beyond in CESEE Countries

30 Years of Transition in Europe

Noriyuki Takayama

Richard Hinz

David Tuesta

The use of matching contributions to enhance the participation and level of savings in pensions system has now been in use for nearly three decades in a number of high income countries. Increasingly, countries across the full range of economic development are looking to the design as a means of addressing the low rates of participation in formal pension and other retirement savings systems. A number of countries have recently introduced innovations in their pension systems that significantly rely on contributions matches and related types of direct subsidies to provide incentives for groups that mandates and other indirect methods such as preferential tax treatment have been unsuccessful in reaching. There is particular interest among developing countries in utilizing this design to extend coverage to informal sector and low income workers that typically do not pay income related taxes. This volume provides descriptions and analysis of the design, experience and outcomes achieved in the high income countries where there information about the dynamics and outcomes that this approach has achieved is not beginning to emerge. It also reviews new efforts to use the design in a number of other settings in which the matching contributions have been included as a significant element in reform of the pension system. The review of the experience with matching contribution across this full range of settings provides important observations and some initial lessons for policy makers and analysts who may be considering or evaluating the use of this approach to increase pension coverage.

A Review of International Experience

Matching Contributions for Pensions

Robert Holzmann richtet den Fokus seiner Untersuchungen auf Compliance als sozialen Problembereich und schlägt eine Brücke zwischen existierenden sozialwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen zu ethischem Fehlverhalten und der betrieblichen Praxis. Auf Basis einer stringent meta-analytischen Vorgehensweise verdichtet der Autor hierfür bisherige Erkenntnisse der experimentellen Moralpsychologie zur Ableitung konkreter Handlungsempfehlungen. Wirtschaftskriminelle und ethische Verfehlungen belasten nicht nur den kurzfristigen Erfolg von Unternehmen, sondern untergraben auch deren langfristige Reputation und Vertrauenswürdigkeit. Durch umfassende und kostenintensive Compliance-Programme versuchen sich Unternehmen deswegen vor solchen Risiken zu schützen.

Ansätze für ein evidenzbasiertes Compliance-Management

Betrug und Korruption im Experiment

David A. Robalino

This title looks at water availability and water demand in various sectors, estimating the water gap today and through the year 2050. It presents a methodology to prioritise options to bridge the water gap, using the marginal cost of water approach.

Role of Social Pensions and Other Retirement Income Transfers

Closing the Coverage Gap

Stefano Sacchi

Edward Palmer

Robert Palacios

The individual account-based but unfunded approach to mandated public pension systems is a reform benchmark for all pension schemes, promising fair and financially sustainable benefits. Nonfinancial defined contribution (NDC) pension schemes originated in Italy and Sweden in the 1990s, were then adopted by Latvia, Norway, and Poland, envisaged but not implemented in various other countries, such as Egypt and Russia, and remain under discussion in many nations around the world, such as China and France. In its complete form, the approach also comprises budget-financed basic income provisions and mandated or voluntary funded provisions. Volume 1 of this book offers an assessment of countries that were early adopters before addressing key aspects of policy implementation and design review, including how best to combine basic income provisions with an NDC scheme, how to deal with heterogeneity in longevity, and how to adjust NDC scheme design and labor market policies to deliver on reform expectations. Volume 2 addresses a second set of issues, including the gender pension gap and what family policies can do about it within the NDC framework, labor market issues and administrative challenges of NDC schemes and how countries are coping, the role of communication in these pension schemes, the complexity of cross-border pension taxation, and much more. Progress and Challenges of Nonfinancial Defined Contribution Pension Schemes is the third in a series of books analyzing the progress, challenges, and adjustment options of this reform revolution for mandated public pension systems. 'Pension reform is a major issue in many countries. The development of the nonfinancial defined contribution pension plan in the 90's was a major advance in pension design. By reporting actual country experiences and exploring properties of plan designs, this latest collection of essays is a valuable contribution, well worth reading.' Peter Diamond Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 2010 winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 'A highly stimulating publication for policy makers and researchers alike. It pushes the analytical frontier for policy challenges that all public pension schemes are confronted with but that the nonfinancial defined contribution approach promises to handle best.' Noriyuki Takayama President, Research Institute for Policies on Pension and Aging, Tokyo, and professor emeritus, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo 'In a changing world where pensions are more than ever linked to labor markets, communication tools, and flexibility considerations, this anthology provides a unique up-to-date analysis of nonfinancial defined contribution pension schemes. By mixing international experiences and theoretical studies, it demonstrates the high adaptability of such pension schemes to changing social challenges.' Pierre Devolder Professor of Finance and Actuarial Sciences, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium

Volume 2. Addressing Gender, Administration, and Communication

Progress and Challenges of Nonfinancial Defined Contribution Pension Schemes

John Piggott

Theoretical and policy perspectives on the taxation of pension, viewed in an international context. Policy makers and academic researchers have been preoccupied in recent decades with the design of pension schemes and effective pension system reform. Relatively little attention has been given to the taxation of pensions and, more broadly, the provision of retirement income. In this book, experts from a range of countries explore the interconnection. Their contributions are especially timely, given recent demographic and political developments including population aging that lengthens the time between contribution payment and benefit receipt, the mobility of capital and labor brought about by globalization, and the complexity of pension taxation within and between countries. In shedding light on these issues, the chapters document the various forms of taxation of pension systems; use economic theory to explain both qualitative and quantitative observations; and consider whether the observed interaction of taxation and pensions is efficient. Theoretical overviews are followed by rigorous analyses of pension taxation in specific countries, including Denmark, Sweden, Portugal, Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Contributors Torben M. Andersen, Spencer Bastani, Hazel Bateman, Sören Blomquist, Axel Börsch-Supan, Jorge Miguel Bravo, Gary Burtless, Rafal Chomik, Helmuth Cremer, Carl Emmerson, Csaba Feher, Bernd Genser, Robert Holzmann, Paul Johnson, Alain Jousten, Christian Keuschnigg, Eric Koepcke, George Kudrna, Jukka Lassila, Luca Micheletto, Pierre Pestieau, John Piggott, Christopher Quinn, Tarmo Valkonen, Alan Woodland

The Taxation of Pensions

Das Lehrbuch ermöglicht einen schnellen Einstieg in (wirtschafts-)ethische Grundlagentheorien sowie in die moralische Verhaltensökonomik, die angesichts weitreichender Unternehmensskandale zunehmend in den Fokus akademischer Lehrpläne rückt. In prägnanter, verständlicher Weise werden die wesentlichen (wirtschafts-)ethischen sowie moralpsychologischen Theorien erläutert. Kurze Lerneinheiten, übersichtliche didaktische Module sowie die begleitende Lernkontrolle sorgen für eine nachhaltige Wissensvermittlung. Es richtet sich damit an alle, die sich mit Fragen der Wirtschaftsethik im Rahmen ihrer Aus- und Weiterbildung (auch im Nebenfach) sowie ihrer beruflichen Praxis auseinandersetzen.

Wirtschaftsethik

Quantitative Sozialpolitik, Finanzsysteme und Pensionsversicherung

Social Protection & Labor at the World Bank, 2000-2008 presents a progress review of the sector strategy by the World Bank, published in early 2001. The strategy proposed a new conceptual frameworkOCoSocial Risk ManagementOCoto review and reform existing interventions and propose new ones that better assist vulnerable people in addressing the many risks to which they are exposed."

Social Protection and Labor at the World Bank, 2000-08

Milan Vodopivec

Severance pay, a program that provides compensation to workers on termination of employment, is the most widely used income protection program for the unemployed-yet it is often blamed for creating economic inefficiencies such as reducing employment and limiting access to jobs for disadvantaged groups. Reforming Severance Pay: An International Perspective fills the knowledge gap in evaluating the international experience by providing a collection of worldwide overviews and labor market impact assessments, theoretical analyses, and country case studies. The authors summarize the performance of existing severance pay arrangements around the world and discuss recent innovative severance pay reforms in Austria, Chile, and the Republic of Korea. Reforming Severance Pay proposes policy directions based on country characteristics such as folding severance pay of higher income countries into existing social insurance programs and making severance pay a contractual affair between market partners to live up to the efficiency-enhancing device in a knowledge-based economy. For lower income countries, the authors advise reforming severance pay toward realistic benefit levels, strengthening compliance of benefit payments by the employer, and safeguarding minimum benefits. This report will be of interest to policy makers and researchers working on labor market, unemployment benefit, and pension issues; economic policy reform; poverty reduction; and social analysis and policy.

An International Perspective

Reforming Severance Pay

Termination pay includes severance, mass redundancy, or end-of-service pay and is widely used as income protection for the unemployed. This book reviews such arrangements wordwide, analyzing their performance and recent reform trends to improve efficiency and redistributive impact.

Robert Holzmann

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