R.W. Fast

The 1989 Cryogenic Engineering Conference, meeting jointly with the International Cryogenic Materials Conference, was held on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles from July 24 to 28. Professor T.H.K. Frederking was the conference chairman. The Conference had previously met at U.C.L.A. in 1962 and 1969. A special symposium, "A Half Century of Superfluid Helium," was a significant part of the program of CEC-89. We were especially fortunate to have Professor Jack Allen of the University of St. Andrews, Scotland present at the Conference; his paper, "Early Superfluidity in Cambridge, 1936 to 1939," was a delightful, often humorous account of the early experimental work with superfluid helium. Professors V.L. Ginzburg and J.L. Olesen could not be present for the Symposium, but provided papers which are published in these proceedings. The late Bill Fairbank, responding graciously to a last-minute invitation from Professor Frederking, presented a wonderful account of superfluid research in the United States in the post-war years.

Part A & B

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

F.R. Fickett

Part A

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials

K.D. Timmerhaus

A.F. Clark

R.P. Reed

The Sixth International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) was held on the campus of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge in col laboration with the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) on August 12-16, 1985. The complementary program and the interdependence of these two dis ciplines foster the conference. Its manifest purpose is sharing the latest advances in low temperature materials science and technology. Equally im portant, areas of needed research are identified, prioriti-es for new research are set, and an increased appreciation of interdisciplinary, interlaboratory, and international cooperation ensues. The success of the conference is the result of the. able leadership and hard work of many people: S. Foner of M.I.T. coordinated ICMC efforts as its Conference Chairman. A. I. Braginski of Westinghouse R&D Center planned the program with the assistance of Cochairmen E. N. C. Dalder of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, T. P. Orlando of M.I.T., D. O. Welch of Brookhaven National Laboratory, and numerous other committee members. A. M. Dawson of M.I.T., Chairman of Local Arrangements, and G. M. Fitzgerald, Chairman of Special Events, skillfully managed the joint conference. The contributions of the CEC Board, and particularly its conference chairman, J. L. Smith, Jr. of M.I.T., to the organization of the joint conference are also gratefully acknm.ledged.

The 1985 joint Cryogenic Engineering/International Cryogenic Materi als Conference was held on the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. About 350 papers were presented at the joint conference on a wide variety of topics in cryogenic science and engineering. This volume of Advances in cryogenic Eogineerlng, the thirty-first in the series which began in 1954, contains most of the papers which were presented at the 1985 Cryogenic Engineering Conference. Each paper was rigorously peer reviewed to maintain the international reputation of Advances as the premier archival publication in the field of cryoscience, engineering, and technology. All the papers published in Volume 31 contain an abstract. A copy of the book will be sent to all maj or abstracting services, which should improve retrieval of the information contained in the published papers. I would like to thank the authors and those who served as reviewers. I especially appreciate the assistance of my colleague M. E. Stone who edited some of the papers for this volume. Terry Gutierrez was invaluable in preparing the manuscripts for publication, and I thank her. xvii DEDICATION Dr. Samuel C. Collins, Professor Emeritus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, internationally known as the father of practical helium liquefiers and founder of the MIT Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory, died on June 19, 1984, in George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC.

Volume 31

Richard Reed

The 1987 joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference was held at the Pheasant Run Resort, St. Charles, lliinois from June 14 to 18. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, located a few kilometers from Pheasant Run, was the host for this conference. There is a great deal of cryogenic research and development underway at Fermilab and many applications of cryogenic materials and systems are in rou tine, daily use at the Tevatron. The technical program for the joint conference had over 300 invited and contributed papers from many different countries. The CEC board and I have tried to dramatically shorten the publication time of this volume of Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. In order to help meet the goal of the February publication, I asked the reviewers to complete their reviews before leaving Pheasant Run, after the conference. I would like to thank all of the reviewers for their prompt and throughtful reviews. I very much appreciate the authors following the prescribed format and responding quickly to my requests for revisions.

R.W. Fast

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