Saul Friedländer

Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945

The Years of Extermination

Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1933-1945 (The Years of Persecution / The Years of Extermination)

A Pulitzer Prize-winning historian's return to memoir, a tale of intellectual coming-of-age on three continents, published in tandem with his classic work of Holocaust literature, When Memory Comes Forty years after his acclaimed, poignant first memoir, Friedländer returns with WHEN MEMORY COMES: THE LATER YEARS, bridging the gap between the ordeals of his childhood and his present-day towering reputation in the field of Holocaust studies. After abandoning his youthful conversion to Catholicism, he rediscovers his Jewish roots as a teenager and builds a new life in Israeli politics. Friedländer's initial loyalty to Israel turns into a lifelong fascination with Jewish life and history. He struggles to process the ubiquitous effects of European anti-Semitism while searching for a more measured approach to the Zionism that surrounds him. Friedländer goes on to spend his adulthood shuttling between Israel, Europe, and the United States, armed with his talent for language and an expansive intellect. His prestige inevitably throws him up against other intellectual heavyweights. In his early years in Israel, he rubs shoulders with the architects of the fledgling state and brilliant minds such as Gershom Scholem and Carlo Ginzburg, among others. Most importantly, this memoir led Friedländer to reflect on the wrenching events that induced him to devote sixteen years of his life to writing his Pulitzer Prize-winning masterpiece, The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945.

My Life

Where Memory Leads

Marcel Prousts "Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit" ist der längste und für viele seiner Leserinnen und Leser auch der bedeutendste Roman der französischen Literatur. Manche begleitet er durch das ganze Leben, so auch Saul Friedländer, den Friedenspreisträger und großen Historiker des Holocaust. In seinem großartigen Essay präsentiert Friedländer sich als Proust-Leser von Rang, der mit seinen sensiblen Lektüren den Kennern ebenso etwas zu bieten hat wie jenen, die erst einen Zugang zu einem der wichtigsten Werke der Weltliteratur finden wollen. Saul Friedländer legt keine Einführung in Leben und Werk von Marcel Proust vor, sondern einen Essay über das Lesen von Proust. Er spürt darin einigen Fragen nach, die ihn besonders beschäftigt haben, wie etwa der widersprüchlichen Rolle der Juden oder dem Umgang mit dem Thema Homosexualität, der komplexen Beziehung von Erzähl-Ich und Autor oder dem Status der Erinnerung im Werk. Vor allem aber vermittelt Friedländer das Glück der Proust-Lektüre, den Reichtum der Sprache Marcel Prousts, und die unvergleichliche Schärfe und Hellsichtigkeit, mit der er die Gesellschaft seiner Zeit seziert. Am Ende überkommt den Leser nur ein dringender Wunsch - Proust lesen.

Ein Essay

Proust lesen

An Essay on Kitsch and Death

Reflections of Nazism

Claire Messud

Helen R. Lane

The Classic Memoir

When Memory Comes

This ePaper, History and Memory: lessons from the Holocaust, presents the original text of the Leçon inaugurale delivered by Professor Saul Friedländer on 23 September 2014 at the Maison de la Paix, which marked the opening of the academic year of the Graduate Institute, Geneva. The lecture highlights an original analysis of the evolution of German memory since the end of World War II and its consequences on the writing of history. Generations of historians have been particularly marked in a differentiated manner, depending on their personal proximity to the war, but also on collective representations conveyed by film and television in a globalised world. Saul Friedländer is Emeritus Professor at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). He won numerous awards, including the Pulitzer Prize in 2008 for his book The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945. In 1963, he received his PhD from the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, where he taught until 1988.

History and Memory: Lessons from the Holocaust

Saul Friedlander

Four months before Hitler came to power, Saul Friedländer was born in Prague to a middle-class Jewish family . In 1939, seven-year-old Saul and his family were forced to flee to France, where they lived through the German Occupation, until his parents' ill-fated attempt to flee to Switzerland. They were able to hide their son in a Roman Catholic seminary before being sent to Auschwitz where they were killed. After an imposed religious conversion, young Saul began training for priesthood. The birth of Israel prompted his discovery of his Jewish past and his true identity. Friedländer brings his story movingly to life, shifting between his Israeli present and his European past with grace and restraint. His keen eye spares nothing, not even himself, as he explores the ways in which the loss of his parents, his conversion to Catholicism, and his deep-seated Jewish roots combined to shape him into the man he is today. Friedländer's retrospective view of his journey of grief and self-discovery provides readers with a rare experience: a memoir of feeling with intellectual backbone.

From Israel the author--who was planning to become a Catholic priest until he discovered his parents were Jews who had been killed during World War II-examines what it means to be a Jew.

Himself a survivor, Friedlander has been a leading figure in 'Holocaust Studies' for decades and this book represents a definitive summing up of his research and that of hundreds of other historians. NAZI GERMANY AND THE JEWS: THE YEARS OF PERSECUTION is perhaps the richest examination of the subject yet written, and, crucially, one that never loses sight of the experiences of individuals in its discussion of Nazi politics and the terrible statistics and technological and administrative sophistication of the Final Soloution.

Nazi Germany and the Jews

Jörn Rüsen

ein Schloss Elmau-Symposion

Richard Wagner im Dritten Reich

A classic of Holocaust literature, the eloquent, acclaimed memoir of childhood by a Pulitzer-winning historian, now reissued with a new introduction by Claire Messud Four months before Hitler came to power, Saul Friedländer was born in Prague to a middle-class Jewish family. In 1939, seven-year-old Saul and his family were forced to flee to France, where they lived through the German Occupation, until his parents' ill-fated attempt to flee to Switzerland. They were able to hide their son in a Roman Catholic seminary before being sent to Auschwitz where they were killed. After an imposed religious conversion, young Saul began training for priesthood. The birth of Israel prompted his discovery of his Jewish past and his true identity. Friedländer brings his story movingly to life, shifting between his Israeli present and his European past with grace and restraint. His keen eye spares nothing, not even himself, as he explores the ways in which the loss of his parents, his conversion to Catholicism, and his deep-seated Jewish roots combined to shape him into the man he is today. Friedländer's retrospective view of his journey of grief and self-discovery provides readers with a rare experience: a memoir of feeling with intellectual backbone, in equal measure tender and insightful.

Catholic Church. - Popes. - Pius XII. 1939-1958

Step-by-step account of how Pope Pius reacted to antisemitic measures of nazi Germany.

A Documentation

Pius XII and the Third Reich

Franz Kafka, der wohl enigmatischste Schriftsteller des 20. Jahrhunderts, begegnet in diesem Buch dem sanften, aufmerksamen, kritischen Blick eines Autors von Weltrang. Saul Friedländer, selbst in Prag geboren und ein Leben lang Kafka-Leser, betrachtet ihn mit jener zärtlichen Unbestechlichkeit, die auch die unnachahmliche Meisterschaft seiner Geschichte des Holocaust ausmacht. Friedländers Auge sieht manches, was selbst Jahrzehnte der Kafka-Forschung nicht wahrgenommen haben. Mit einer wundervollen Sprache und genauer Kenntnis der Werke, mit feinem Humor und genauer Beobachtungsgabe portraitiert Saul Friedländer Franz Kafka als Dichter der Scham und der Schuld. Er geht seinem Leben nach, befragt sein Judentum, analysiert die einzigartige Ironie Kafkas und geht auch den verschlungenen Seelenlagen nach, die tiefe Spuren im Werk hinterlassen haben. Eine Einführung in die Welt Kafkas von bezwingender Eleganz und Anmut.

Franz Kafka

Un capolavoro della ricerca storica Premio Pulitzer 2008 Gli anni dello sterminio porta a compimento uno dei maggiori sforzi compiuti da uno storico contemporaneo per ricostruire e comprendere l’evento chiave del Novecento: la persecuzione e lo sterminio di milioni di ebrei nell’Europa occupata dai nazisti. Per portare a termine il loro piano, i tedeschi avevano bisogno della collaborazione delle autorità locali e dei vari corpi di polizia e della passività delle popolazioni, a cominciare dalle élite politiche e spirituali. Ma era necessaria anche la disponibilità a obbedire agli ordini da parte delle vittime, che così speravano spesso di veder alleviate le loro sofferenze o di sopravvivere abbastanza a lungo da ottenere un visto per sfuggire agli aguzzini. Saul Friedländer studia la macchina nazista ai suoi diversi livelli e nei diversi paesi: ci permette finalmente di capire la scala, la complessità e l’interdipendenza dei vari fattori che resero possibile lo sterminio. Il materiale esaminato è enorme: non solo documenti ufficiali, ma anche diari, lettere e memorialistica. Questa poderosa sintesi non addomestica la memoria dell’orrore, ma ci restituisce una terribile pagina di storia in tutte le sue sfaccettature, erigendo un autentico monumento alle sue vittime. L’opera di Friedländer – lo sforzo dell’intera vita di un grande studioso – rappresenta una svolta nella storiografia del Novecento: grazie a lui disponiamo finalmente della ricostruzione definitiva dell’Olocausto.

La Germania nazista e gli ebrei (1939-1945)

Gli anni dello sterminio

die Jahre der Verfolgung 1933-1939 : die Jahre der Vernichtung 1939-1945

Das Dritte Reich und die Juden

A Pulitzer Prize–winning historian revisits Marcel Proust’s masterpiece in this essay on literature and memory, exploring the question of identity—that of the novel’s narrator and Proust’s own. This engaging reexamination of In Search of Lost Time considers how the narrator defines himself, how this compares to what we know of Proust himself, and what the significance is of these various points of commonality and divergence. We know, for example, that the author did not hide his homosexuality, but the narrator did. Why the difference? We know that the narrator tried to marginalize his part-Jewish background. Does this reflect the author’s position, and how does the narrator handle what he tries, but does not manage, to dismiss? These are major questions raised by the text and reflected in the text, to which the author’s life doesn’t give obvious answers. The narrator’s reflections on time, on death, on memory, and on love are as many paths leading to the image of self that he projects. In Proustian Uncertainties, Saul Friedländer draws on his personal experience from a life spent investigating the ties between history and memory to offer a fresh perspective on the seminal work.

Saul Friedländer

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