Ronald Leenes

Serge Gutwirth

Paul de Hert

Rosamunde van Brakel

The subjects of Privacy and Data Protection are more relevant than ever, and especially since 25 May 2018, when the European General Data Protection Regulation became enforceable. This volume brings together papers that offer conceptual analyses, highlight issues, propose solutions, and discuss practices regarding privacy and data protection. It is one of the results of the eleventh annual International Conference on Computers, Privacy, and Data Protection, CPDP 2018, held in Brussels in January 2018. The book explores the following topics: biometrics and data protection in criminal justice processing, privacy, discrimination and platforms for men who have sex with men, mitigation through data protection instruments of unfair inequalities as a result of machine learning, privacy and human-robot interaction in robotized healthcare, privacy-by-design, personal data protection of deceased data subjects, large-scale face databases and the GDPR, the new Europol regulation, rethinking trust in the Internet of Things, fines under the GDPR, data analytics and the GDPR, and the essence of the right to the protection of personal data. This interdisciplinary book was written while the reality of the General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 was becoming clear. It discusses open issues and daring and prospective approaches. It will serve as an insightful resource for readers with an interest in computers, privacy and data protection.

The Internet of Bodies

Data Protection and Privacy

Yves Poullet

Although Europe has a significant legal data protection framework, built up around EU Directive 95/46/EC and the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the question of whether data protection and its legal framework are ‘in good health’ is increasingly being posed. Advanced technologies raise fundamental issues regarding key concepts of data protection. Falling storage prices, increasing chips performance, the fact that technology is becoming increasingly embedded and ubiquitous, the convergence of technologies and other technological developments are broadening the scope and possibilities of applications rapidly. Society however, is also changing, affecting the privacy and data protection landscape. The ‘demand’ for free services, security, convenience, governance, etc, changes the mindsets of all the stakeholders involved. Privacy is being proclaimed dead or at least worthy of dying by the captains of industry; governments and policy makers are having to manoeuvre between competing and incompatible aims; and citizens and customers are considered to be indifferent. In the year in which the plans for the revision of the Data Protection Directive will be revealed, the current volume brings together a number of chapters highlighting issues, describing and discussing practices, and offering conceptual analysis of core concepts within the domain of privacy and data protection. The book’s first part focuses on surveillance, profiling and prediction; the second on regulation, enforcement, and security; and the third on some of the fundamental concepts in the area of privacy and data protection. Reading the various chapters it appears that the ‘patient’ needs to be cured of quite some weak spots, illnesses and malformations. European data protection is at a turning point and the new challenges are not only accentuating the existing flaws and the anticipated difficulties, but also, more positively, the merits and the need for strong and accurate data protection practices and rules in Europe, and elsewhere.

European Data Protection: In Good Health?

Cécile de Terwangne

Sjaak Nouwt

data. Furthermore, the European Union established clear basic principles for the collection, storage and use of personal data by governments, businesses and other organizations or individuals in Directive 95/46/EC and Directive 2002/58/EC on Privacy and Electronic communications. Nonetheless, the twenty-?rst century citizen – utilizing the full potential of what ICT-technology has to offer – seems to develop a digital persona that becomes increasingly part of his individual social identity. From this perspective, control over personal information is control over an aspect of the identity one projects in the world. The right to privacy is the freedom from unreasonable constraints on one’s own identity. Transactiondata–bothtraf?candlocationdata–deserveourparticularattention. As we make phone calls, send e-mails or SMS messages, data trails are generated within public networks that we use for these communications. While traf?c data are necessary for the provision of communication services, they are also very sensitive data. They can give a complete picture of a person’s contacts, habits, interests, act- ities and whereabouts. Location data, especially if very precise, can be used for the provision of services such as route guidance, location of stolen or missing property, tourist information, etc. In case of emergency, they can be helpful in dispatching assistance and rescue teams to the location of a person in distress. However, p- cessing location data in mobile communication networks also creates the possibility of permanent surveillance.

Reinventing Data Protection?

Paul De Hert

This volume brings together papers that offer methodologies, conceptual analyses, highlight issues, propose solutions, and discuss practices regarding privacy and data protection. It is one of the results of the eight annual International Conference on Computers, Privacy, and Data Protection, CPDP 2015, held in Brussels in January 2015. The book explores core concepts, rights and values in (upcoming) data protection regulation and their (in)adequacy in view of developments such as Big and Open Data, including the right to be forgotten, metadata, and anonymity. It discusses privacy promoting methods and tools such as a formal systems modeling methodology, privacy by design in various forms (robotics, anonymous payment), the opportunities and burdens of privacy self management, the differentiating role privacy can play in innovation. The book also discusses EU policies with respect to Big and Open Data and provides advice to policy makers regarding these topics. Also attention is being paid to regulation and its effects, for instance in case of the so-called ‘EU-cookie law’ and groundbreaking cases, such as Europe v. Facebook. This interdisciplinary book was written during what may turn out to be the final stages of the process of the fundamental revision of the current EU data protection law by the Data Protection Package proposed by the European Commission. It discusses open issues and daring and prospective approaches. It will serve as an insightful resource for readers with an interest in privacy and data protection.

Current Developments in ICT and Privacy/Data Protection

Data Protection on the Move

Antony Duff

Erik Claes

Privacy and the Criminal Law

Dara Hallinan

1. The Dataset Nutrition Label: A Framework to Drive Higher Data Quality Standards Sarah Holland, Ahmed Hosny, Sarah Newman, Joshua Joseph and Kasia Chmielinski 2. A Right to a Rule: On the Substance and Essence of the Fundamental Right to Personal Data Protection Lorenzo Dalla Corte 3. What's in an Icon? Promises and Pitfalls of Data Protection Iconography Arianna Rossi and Monica Palmirani 4. 'We're All in Th is Together': Actors Cooperating in Enhancing Children's Rights in the Digital Environment after the GDPR Domenico Rosani 5. Risk to the 'Rights and Freedoms': A Legal Interpretation of the Scope of Risk under the GDPR Katerina Demetzou 6. Modelling and Verification in GDPR's Data Protection Impact Assessment: A Case Study on the AccuWeather/Reveal Mobile Case Wolfgang Schulz, Florian Wittner, Kai Bavendiek and Sibylle Schupp 7. In Search of Data Protection's Holy Grail: Applying Privacy by Design to Lifelogging Technologies Liane Colonna 8. Public Registers Caught between Open Government and Data Protection ? Personal Data, Principles of Proportionality and the Public Interest Geert Lokhorst and Mireille van Eechoud 9. Examination Scripts as Personal Data: The Right of Access as a Regulatory Tool against Teacher-Student Abuses in Cameroon Universities Rogers Alunge 10. The Proposed ePrivacy Regulation: The Commission's and the Parliament's Draft s at a Crossroads? Elena Gil Gonzl̀ez, Paul De Hert and Vagelis Papakonstantinou 11. CPDP: Closing Remarks Giovanni Buttarelli.

Data Protection and Democracy

Data Protection and Privacy, Volume 12

François Ost

Quel avenir pour le droit de l'environnement ? La question mérite d'être posée à l'heure où, victime de son succès, cette jeune branche du droit risque de voir ses principes se diluer dans le maquis réglementaire et ses finalités se brouiller sous le poids de la rhétorique. C'est à une réflexion de fond que convie cet ouvrage, qui entend croiser les disciplines et déployer les différentes échelles de temps et d'espace sur lesquelles se posent aujourd'hui les questions environnementales. Il s'agira, dans un premier temps, d'éclairer les fondements philosophiques et scientifiques de ce droit et d'en interroger les enjeux sociaux et politiques. On s'attachera ensuite à dégager, pour les espaces et les ressources naturels, une qualification juridique d'ensemble qui ne se ramène pas à celle d'« objet » ou de « bien » ; la fécondité des notions de res communis, de patrimoine, d'usufruit, de trust et de domaine public sera évaluée dans cette perspective. On confrontera ensuite les mérites respectifs des différents instruments de régulation juridique qui sont mis en œuvre aujourd'hui, de la codification à la contractualisation, en passant par l'élaboration de principes généraux et la reconnaissance de droits procéduraux aux particuliers et aux associations. Une attention particulière sera consacrée à l'institution de la responsabilité qui, à condition d'être repensée et élargie, pourrait dynamiser bien des règles, tant en droit interne qu'en droit international. On interrogera enfin la part que prend la réglementation européenne à la consolidation de la protection du milieu. Adoptant une perspective résolument prospective, cet ouvrage entend ainsi contribuer à dégager quelques scénarios d'avenir possibles pour le droit de l'environnement

actes du colloque organisé par le CEDRE (Centre d'étude du droit de l'environnement - F.U.S.L.) et le CIRT (Centrum interactie recht en technologie - V.U.B.)

Quel avenir pour le droit de l'environnement?

This timely interdisciplinary work on current developments in ICT and privacy/data protection, coincides as it does with the rethinking of the Data Protection Directive, the contentious debates on data sharing with the USA (SWIFT, PNR) and the judicial and political resistance against data retention. The authors of the contributions focus on particular and pertinent issues from the perspective of their different disciplines which range from the legal through sociology, surveillance studies and technology assessment, to computer sciences. Such issues include cutting-edge developments in the field of cloud computing, ambient intelligence and PETs; data retention, PNR-agreements, property in personal data and the right to personal identity; electronic road tolling, HIV-related information, criminal records and teenager's online conduct, to name but a few.

Computers, Privacy and Data Protection: an Element of Choice

On 25 January 2012, the European Commission presented its long awaited new “Data protection package”. With this proposal for a drastic revision of the data protection framework in Europe, it is fair to say that we are witnessing a rebirth of European data protection, and perhaps, its passage from an impulsive youth to a more mature state. Technology advances rapidly and mobile devices are significantly changing the landscape. Increasingly, we carry powerful, connected, devices, whose location and activities can be monitored by various stakeholders. Very powerful social network sites emerged in the first half of last decade, processing personal data of many millions of users. Updating the regulatory network was imminent and the presentation of the new package will initiate a period of intense debate in which the proposals will be thoroughly commented upon and criticized, and numerous amendments will undoubtedly be proposed. This volume brings together some 19 chapters offering conceptual analyses, highlighting issues, proposing solutions, and discussing practices regarding privacy and data protection. In the first part of the book, conceptual analyses of concepts such as privacy and anonymity are provided. The second section focuses on the contrasted positions of digital natives and ageing users in the information society. The third section provides four chapters on privacy by design, including discussions on roadmapping and concrete techniques. The fourth section is devoted to surveillance and profiling, with illustrations from the domain of smart metering, self-surveillance and the benefits and risks of profiling. The book concludes with case studies pertaining to communicating privacy in organisations, the fate of a data protection supervisor in one of the EU member states and data protection in social network sites and online media. This volume brings together some 19 chapters offering conceptual analyses, highlighting issues, proposing solutions, and discussing practices regarding privacy and data protection. In the first part of the book, conceptual analyses of concepts such as privacy and anonymity are provided. The second section focuses on the contrasted positions of digital natives and ageing users in the information society. The third section provides four chapters on privacy by design, including discussions on roadmapping and concrete techniques. The fourth section is devoted to surveillance and profiling, with illustrations from the domain of smart metering, self-surveillance and the benefits and risks of profiling. The book concludes with case studies pertaining to communicating privacy in organisations, the fate of a data protection supervisor in one of the EU member states and data protection in social network sites and online media.

European Data Protection: Coming of Age

Michael Friedewald

Yves Punie

Elena Vildjiounaite

David Wright

Copy the following link for free access to the first chapter of this title: http://www.springerlink.com/content/j23468h304310755/fulltext.pdf This book is a warning. It aims to warn policy-makers, industry, academia, civil society organisations, the media and the public about the threats and vulnerabilities facing our privacy, identity, trust, security and inclusion in the rapidly approaching world of ambient intelligence (AmI). In the near future, every manufactured product – our clothes, money, appliances, the paint on our walls, the carpets on our floors, our cars, everything – will be embedded with intelligence, networks of tiny sensors and actuators, which some have termed “smart dust”. The AmI world is not far off. We already have surveillance systems, biometrics, personal communicators, machine learning and more. AmI will provide personalised services – and know more about us – on a scale dwarfing anything hitherto available. In the AmI vision, ubiquitous computing, communications and interfaces converge and adapt to the user. AmI promises greater user-friendliness in an environment capable of recognising and responding to the presence of different individuals in a seamless, unobtrusive and often invisible way. While most stakeholders paint the promise of AmI in sunny colours, there is a dark side to AmI. This book aims to illustrate the threats and vulnerabilities by means of four “dark scenarios”. The authors set out a structured methodology for analysing the four scenarios, and then identify safeguards to counter the foreseen threats and vulnerabilities. They make recommendations to policy-makers and other stakeholders about what they can do to maximise the benefits from ambient intelligence and minimise the negative consequences.

Serge Gutwirth

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