Rémi Brague

Souleymane Bachir Diagne

L’islam est-il une religion différente des autres, arc-boutée sur un texte provenant directement de Dieu, une théologie éminemment politique qui tolère la violence ? Ou bien l’opinion dominante est-elle tout simplement devenue islamophobe, incapable de voir dans cette tradition religieuse la rationalité, la spiritualité et la liberté de penser et de pratiquer qui s’y trouvent ? Opposés sur presque tous ces points, Rémi Brague et Souleymane Bachir Diagne discutent les extraits du Coran qu’ils connaissent tous deux en arabe, l’histoire de l’expansion de l’islam et son entrée dans la modernité. Ils n’éludent aucune question, de l’islamisme à la place des femmes, en passant par la question du djihad et le rapport aux autres religions. Un débat au sommet, érudit et vivant, sur le sujet le plus polémique de notre époque.

La controverse

Jonathan Adjemian

Muslim Philosophers in Conversation with the Western Tradition

Open to Reason

Fort de sa triple culture – africaine, française et américaine –, Souleymane Bachir Diagne s’interroge sur la traduction dans ce texte engagé et humaniste, porteur d’une éthique. Si la traduction manifeste le plus souvent une relation de profonde inégalité entre langues dominantes et langues dominées, elle peut aussi être source de dialogue, d’échanges, de métissage, y compris dans des situations d’asymétrie, propres notamment à l’espace colonial, où l’interprète, de simple auxiliaire, devient un véritable médiateur culturel. Faire l’éloge de la traduction, « la langue des langues », c’est célébrer le pluriel de celles-ci et leur égalité ; car traduire, c’est donner dans une langue hospitalité à ce qui a été pensé dans une autre, c’est créer de la réciprocité, de la rencontre, c’est faire humanité ensemble, c’est en quelque sorte imaginer une Babel heureuse. La question de la traduction, de l’universel et du pluriel, est au cœur de l’œuvre de Souleymane Bachir Diagne, l’une des voix africaines contemporaines les plus respectées. Il a notamment publié, chez Albin Michel, En quête d’Afrique(s) : universalisme et pensée décoloniale, coécrit avec Jean-Loup Amselle (2018).

L'hospitalité de la traduction

De langue à langue

Shamil Jeppie

Salt comes from the north, gold from the south, but the word of God and the treasures of wisdom are only to be found in Timbuktu." 15th-century Malian proverb. In a joint project between South Africa and Mali, a library to preserve more than 200 000 Arabic and West African manuscripts dating from the 13th to the 19th centuries is currently under construction. It is the first official cultural project of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (Nepad), the socio-economic development plan of the African Union, and when the library is built, the cultural role of Timbuktu will be revived, as it becomes the safehaven for the treasured manuscripts. The manuscripts prove that Africa had a rich legacy of written history, long before western colonisers set foot on the continent. This volume, authored by leading international scholars, begins to sketch the 'meaning' of Timbuktu within the context of the intellectual history of West Africa, in particular, and of the African continent, in general. The book covers four broad areas: Part I provides an introduction to the region; outlines what archaeology can tell us of its history, examines the paper and various calligraphic styles used in the manuscripts; and explains how ancient institutions of scholarship functioned. Part II begins to analyse what the manuscripts can tell us of African history. Part III offers insight into the lives and works of just a few of the many scholars who achieved renown in the region and beyond. Part IV provides a glimpse into Timbuktu's libraries and private collections. Part V looks at the written legacy of the eastern half of Africa, which like that of the western region, is often ignored. A fascinating read for anyone who wishes to gain an understanding of the aura of mystique and legend that surrounds Timbuktu. The Meanings of Timbuktu strives to contextualise and clarify the importance of efforts to preserve Timbuktu's manuscripts for Mali, for Africa and for the intellectual world."--Abstract

The Meanings of Timbuktu

Jean-Loup Amselle

This important book by two leading scholars of Africa examines a series of issues that are central to the question of the postcolonial. The postcolonial paradigm, and the more recent decolonial paradigm, raise the issue of the universal: is the postcolonial the first phase of a new universalism, one which would be truly universal because it would be fully inclusive, or is it on the contrary the denial of all universalism, the triumph of the particular and of fragmentation? In addressing this issue Diagne and Amselle also tackle many related themes, such as the concepts of race, culture and identity, the role of languages in philosophy as practised in different cultural areas, the various conceptions of Islam, especially in West Africa, and the outlines of an Africa which can be thought of at the same time as singular and as plural. Each thinker looks back at his writings on these themes, comparing and contrasting them with those of his interlocutor. While Amselle seeks to expose the essentialist and culturalist logics that might underlie postcolonial and decolonial thought, Diagne consistently refuses to adopt the trappings of the Afrocentrist and particularist thinker. He argues instead for a total decentring of all thought, one that rejects all ‘centrisms’ and highlights instead branchings and connections, transfers, analogies and reciprocal influences between cultural places and intellectual fields that may be distant but are not distinct in space and time. This volume is a timely contribution to current debates on the postcolonial question and its new decolonial form. It will be of great interest to students and scholars in a variety of fields, from African studies and Black studies to philosophy, anthropology, sociology and cultural studies, as well as to anyone interested in the debates around postcolonial studies and decolonial thought

Universalism and Decolonial Thought

In Search of Africa(s)

Henri Bergson has been the subject of keen interest within French philosophy ever since being championed by Gilles Deleuze and others. Yet his influence extends well beyond European philosophy, especially within Africa and South Asia. Postcolonial Bergson traces the influence of Bergson’s thought through the work of two major figures in the postcolonial struggle, Muhammad Iqbal and Léopold Sédar Senghor. Poets and statesmen as well as philosophers, both of these thinkers—the one Muslim and the other Catholic—played an essential political and intellectual role in the independence of their respective countries. Both found, in Bergson’s work, important support for their philosophical, cultural, and political projects. For Iqbal, a founding father of independent Pakistan, Bergson’s conceptions of time and creative evolution resonated with the need for the “reconstruction of religious thought in Islam,” a religious thought newly able to incorporate innovation and change. For Senghor, Bergsonian ideas of perception, intuition, and élan vital—filtered in part through the work of the French philosopher Pierre Teilhard de Chardin—proved crucial for thinking about African art, as well as foundational for his formulations of African socialism and his visions of an unalienated African future. At a moment of renewed interest in Bergson’s philosophy, this book, by a major figure in both French and African philosophy, gives an expanded idea of the political ramifications of Bergson’s thought in a postcolonial context.

Postcolonial Bergson

David C. Conrad

Alisa LaGamma

Yaëlle Biro

Mamadou Cissé

Roderick McIntosh

Paulo F. de Moraes Farias

Giulia Paoletti

Ibrahima Thiaw

This groundbreaking volume examines the extraordinary artistic and cultural traditions of the African region known as the western Sahel, a vast area on the southern edge of the Sahara desert that includes present-day Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, and Niger. This is the first book to present a comprehensive overview of the diverse cultural achievements and traditions of the region, spanning more than 1,300 years from the pre Islamic period through the nineteenth century. It features some of the earliest extant art from sub Saharan Africa as well as such iconic works as sculptures by the Dogon and Bamana peoples of Mali. Essays by leading international scholars discuss the art, architecture, archaeology, literature, philosophy, religion, and history of the Sahel, exploring the unique cultural landscape in which these ancient communities flourished. Richly illustrated and brilliantly argued, Sahel brings to life the enduring forms of expression created by the peoples who lived in this diverse crossroads of the world.

Sahel: Art and Empires on the Shores of the Sahara

In the atmosphere of suspicion and anger that characterizes our time, it is a joy to hear the voice of Iqbal, both passionate and serene. It is the voice of a soul that is deeply anchored in the Quranic Revelation, and precisely for that reason, open to all the other voices, seeking in them the path of his own fidelity. It is the voice of a man who has left behind all identitarian rigidity, who has 'broken all the idols of tribe and caste' to address himself to all human beings. But an unhappy accident has meant that this voice was buried, both in the general forgetting of Islamic modernism and in the very country that he named before its existence, Pakistan, whose multiple rigidities - political, religious, military - constitute a continual refutation of the very essence of his thought. But we all need to hear him again, citizens of the West, Muslims, and those from his native India, where a form of Hindu chauvinism rages in our times, in a way that exceeds his worst fears. Souleymane Bachir Diagne has done all of us an immense favor in making this voice heard once again, clear and convincing. Charles Taylor, Professor, McGill University Quebec, Canada

Souleymane Bachir Diagne

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