Stephan Haggard

Robert R. Kaufman

Chapter 4 Elite-Led Transitions: International Factors and Politics at the Top -- Chapter 5 Transition Paths and the Quality of Democracy -- PART III: Reversions from Democratic Rule -- Chapter 6 Inequality, Development, and the Weak Democracy Syndrome -- Chapter 7 Pathways to Authoritarian Rule -- Chapter 8 Learning from Anomalies: Low-Income Survivors, Middle-Income Reverters -- Conclusion: Whither Democracy? -- References -- Index

Masses, Elites, and Regime Change

Dictators and Democrats

Chung-in Moon

Byung-Kook Kim

South Korea's transition to export- led growth was a product of the interplay of four factors: pressure from the United States, strong executive power, bureaucratic reform, and a restructuring of the relations between the state and business.

The Transition to Export-led Growth in South Korea, 1954-66

Comparing the welfare states of Latin America, East Asia and Eastern Europe, the authors trace the origins of social policy in these regions to political changes in the mid-20th century, and show how the legacies of these early choices are influencing welfare reform following democratization and globalization.

Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe

Development, Democracy, and Welfare States

Sylvia Maxfield

Chung H. Lee

Ten original essays examine the political and institutional factors that influence the initiation and efficiency of preferential credit policies in Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Chile, Mexico, and Brazil.

The Politics of Finance in Developing Countries

This is the first book to compare the distinctive welfare states of Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe. Stephan Haggard and Robert Kaufman trace the historical origins of social policy in these regions to crucial political changes in the mid-twentieth century, and show how the legacies of these early choices are influencing welfare reform following democratization and globalization. After World War II, communist regimes in Eastern Europe adopted wide-ranging socialist entitlements while conservative dictatorships in East Asia sharply limited social security but invested in education. In Latin America, where welfare systems were instituted earlier, unequal social-security systems favored formal sector workers and the middle class. Haggard and Kaufman compare the different welfare paths of the countries in these regions following democratization and the move toward more open economies. Although these transformations generated pressure to reform existing welfare systems, economic performance and welfare legacies exerted a more profound influence. The authors show how exclusionary welfare systems and economic crisis in Latin America created incentives to adopt liberal social-policy reforms, while social entitlements from the communist era limited the scope of liberal reforms in the new democracies of Eastern Europe. In East Asia, high growth and permissive fiscal conditions provided opportunities to broaden social entitlements in the new democracies. This book highlights the importance of placing the contemporary effects of democratization and globalization into a broader historical context.

Marcus Noland

"Human rights and the protection of refugees is not a concern of left or right, or of the US only; it is an issue of importance to all Koreans, and indeed all countries. Haggard and Noland provide compelling evidence of the ongoing transformation of North Korean society and offer thoughtful proposals as to how the outside world might facilitate peaceful evolution."--Yoon Young-kwan, former Foreign Minister, Rob Moo-byun government --Book Jacket.

Refugee Insights Into North Korea

Witness to Transformation

Robert Kaufman

Assaults on democracy are increasingly coming from the actions of duly elected governments, rather than coups. Backsliding examines the processes through which elected rulers weaken checks on executive power, curtail political and civil liberties, and undermine the integrity of the electoral system. Drawing on detailed case studies, including the United States and countries in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Africa, the book focuses on three, inter-related causal mechanisms: the pernicious effects of polarization; realignments of party systems that enable elected autocrats to gain legislative power; and the incremental nature of derogations, which divides oppositions and keeps them off balance. A concluding chapter looks at the international context of backsliding and the role of new technologies in these processes. An online appendix provides detailed accounts of backsliding in 16 countries, which can be found at www.cambridge.org/backsliding.

Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World

Backsliding

The Asian crisis has sparked a thoroughgoing reappraisal of current international financial norms, the policy prescriptions of the International Monetary Fund, and the adequacy of the existing financial architecture. To draw proper policy conclusions from the crisis, it is necessary to understand exactly what happened and why from both a political and an economic perspective. In this study, renowned political scientist Stephan Haggard examines the political aspects of the crisis in the countries most affected—Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Haggard focuses on the political economy of the crisis, emphasizing the longer-run problems of moral hazard and corruption, as well as the politics of crisis management and the political fallout that ensued. He looks at the degree to which each government has rewoven the social safety net and discusses corporate and financial restructuring and greater transparency in business-government relations. Professor Haggard provides a counterpoint to the analysis by examining why Singapore, Taiwan, and the Philippines escaped financial calamity.

The Political Economy of the Asian Financial Crisis

Michael Borrus

Dieter Ernst

The economic crisis of 1997 called East Asia's economic miracle into question and generated widespread criticism of the region's developmental models. However, the crisis did little to alter the growing economic integration of American, Japanese and Chinese firms who have created cross-border production networks. This book addresses the changing nature of high-tech industries in Asia, particularly in the electronics sector, where such networks are increasingly designed to foster and to exploit the region's highly heterogenous technology, skills and know-how.

Rivalry Or Riches

International Production Networks in Asia

David C. Kang

This accessible collection examines twelve historic events in the international relations of East Asia.

Twelve Events That Shaped the Modern International Order

East Asia in the World

Professor in the Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies Stephan Haggard

"In their carefully researched book, Stephan Haggard and Marcus Noland present the most comprehensive account of the famine to date, examining not only the origins and aftermath of the crisis but also the regime's response to outside aid and the effect of its current policies on the country's economic future. Their study begins by considering the root causes of the famine, weighing the effects of the decline in the availability of food against its poor distribution. Then it takes a close look at the aid effort, addressing the difficulty of monitoring assistance within the country, and concludes with an analysis of current economic reforms and strategies of engagement."--BOOK JACKET.

Stephan Haggard

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